Human Rights Violations Against Women Have, For Too Long, Been Denied

Human rights violations against women have, for too long, been denied the attention and concern of international organizations, national governments, traditional human rights groups and the press. Meanwhile, hundreds of millions of girls and women around the world continue to endure debilitating and often fatal human rights abuses. These are only a few instances of abuse which occur every single day all around the world. Human rights violations against women must be documented, publicized and stopped. Brazil: A man who confessed to stabbing his wife and her lover to death is for the second time acquitted of murder by an all-male jury. The acquittal is based on the argument that he acted in legitimate defense of his wronged honor. India: A 10-year-old girl is rescued by a flight attendant who noticed her crying. Her father has sold her to the 60-year-old man sitting next to her for the equivalent of $240US. Ireland: A 14-year-old girl, raped by her best friend's father, learns she is pregnant. She is prohibited from travelling to England where abortion is legal. Only when she indicates she will commit suicide if forced to carry the pregnancy to term does the Supreme Court allow her to proceed. Kenya: At a boarding school, 300 boys attack the girls' dormitory. Seventy-one girls are raped. Nineteen are trampled to death in the stampede to escape. The school's vice principal remarks, "The boys never meant any harm against the girls. They just wanted to rape." United States: A 51-year-old woman is stabbed 19 times and killed by her former boyfriend as she waits inside a courthouse to extend an order of protection. Twice before he had been charged with harassment. Both times the charges were dropped by the courts. (www.equalitynow.com) One of the most horrific acts of abuse towards women is known as honor killings. In various countries throughout the world, particularly in the Middle East and parts of South Asia, women who bring dishonor to their families because of sexual indiscretions or even rape are forced to pay a terrible price at the hands of male family members. This brutal act is most commonly found among the Islamic cultures. They use their religion as an excuse for their animalistic, indecent behavior. However, Islam recognizes and celebrates the inherent dignity bestowed by God upon all human beings regardless of race, ethnicity, gender or religion. The Koran, the Muslim holy book, is explicit in its emphasis on the equality of women and men before God. "And their Lord has accepted of them and answered them, "Never will I suffer to be lost the work of any of you, whether male or female, you are members, one of another..." (Koran, 3:195) In the Arab culture, family status is largely dependent upon its honor, much of which is determined by the respectability of its daughters, who can damage it irreparably by the perceived misuse of their sexuality. Examples cited by women's organizations (MLW.com) show that women are punished, even murdered, on the suspicion of having been involved in a sexual relationship. Victims of rape have met the same fate. Maintaining honor is deemed a woman's responsibility, whether or not she has been educated about sex or consented to the act. According to Sharif Kanaana, professor of anthropology at Birzeit University in Palestine, the ?code' of honor killings "prevents women from having sexual freedom or the right to use their sexual powers the way they want." (Kanaana 44) The honor of a family is very dependent on a woman's virginity. In the Arab culture, it is believed that a woman's virginity is the property of the men around her, first her father, and later a gift to her husband. In this context, a woman's honor must be guarded by a community of male family members to assure she does not infect it, or the family name. The woman is guarded externally by her behavior and dress code and internally by keeping her hymen intact. Should the woman tarnish the family name in any way, whether it be through sexual relations with another man on her own accord, or through a rape in which she had nothing to do with, the men in her family will take immediate actions which

Lakeview Gusher of 1910 Bigger, Not Worse, Than BP Oil Spill

Lakeview Gusher of 1910 Bigger, Not Worse, Than BP Oil Spill When BP finally stopped the oil flowing from its ruptured underwater well in the Gulf of Mexico in July 2010, the government announced that the 4.9 million barrels (more than 205 million gallons) of oil the well had spilled over the previous three months made it the worst accidental oil spill in U.S. and world history. Along with most other media, we reported that conclusion, but one of our readers (a man named Craig) quickly pointed out that the government and the media were all mistaken and had not looked far enough back in the history books to get the facts straightand he was right. The Lakeview gusher of 1910 spilled 9 million barrels of oil (thats 378 million gallons) onto a patch of scrubland in Kern County, California, between the towns of Taft and Maricopa, about 110 miles north of Los Angeles. Once it blew, the Lakeview gusher was unstoppable for 18 months. The initial flow from the Lakeview gusher was 18,000 barrels a day, building to an uncontrolled crescendo of 100,000 barrels daily, and eventually producing only 30 barrels a day after the flood of California crude was finally stopped. Ironically, the Lakeview gusher might never have happened if the crew on site had obeyed orders from bosses in Los Angeles. After months of unproductive drilling, Union Oil headquarters sent word to shut down the operation and abandon the well. But the crew, led by a foreman nicknamed Dry Hole Charlie, wouldnt give up. They ignored the orders and kept on drilling. In mid-March 1910, 2,200 feet below the surface, the drilling tapped into a high-pressure reservoir and the well blew with such force that the eruption demolished the wooden derrick and created a crater so large that no one could get close enough to the well to try capping it. The well kept gushing until September 1911. The Lakeview gusher didnt actually do much environmental damage. Black mist fell for miles around, and only the valiant work of oil workers and volunteers building dikes by hand prevented the oil from contaminating Buena Vista Lake to the east, but most of the oil soaked into the sagebrush-studded soil or evaporated. And while 100 years later the area is still soaked with oil, the long-term environmental impact of the spill is generally considered minimal. So while the Lakeview Gusher was larger in volume than the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf spill was a far bigger environmental and economic disaster.

s Health Care Environment

China’s Health Care Environment China health care system is divided into two main components The Rural Health Protection System and the Urban Health Protection System which differ according to the need of the populations located in each category. China was the first major country in the world to create community financing programs that covered the rural population nationwide. This system is called the Rural Cooperative Medical System or CMS which primarily served to fund and organize prevention, primary care, and secondary health care for the rural population. The system developed in the 1950’s established access to basic drugs and primary health care by paying doctors to deliver care, provide drugs, and partially reimbursed patients for services received at township and county facilities. The Urban Health Protection System for China’s urban workers was established in the early 1950’s and contains two primary divisions. The two divisions are the Government Insurance Scheme or GIS and the Labor insurance Scheme or LIS. The Government Insurance Scheme covers government employees, retirees, disabled veterans, and university teachers and students. The Labor Insurance Scheme covers state enterprise employees, retirees and their dependents. Only enterprises owned and managed by central or provincial governments with less than 100 employees have the option not to participate in the health plan. The Smaller state enterprises and industries owned by county or town governments can provide LIS on a voluntary basis. Each year each participating state-owned enterprises contributes approximately 11-14% of total wages as a welfare fund to finance health expenditures incurred by beneficiaries for the LIS. Currently, health care is free to citizens in this category whenever they see a doctor, however they are actually paying for doctors in the form of taxes and not on a as needed basis. Additionally, registration fees, nutrien... 's Health Care Environment Free Essays on China\'s Health Care Environment China’s Health Care Environment China health care system is divided into two main components The Rural Health Protection System and the Urban Health Protection System which differ according to the need of the populations located in each category. China was the first major country in the world to create community financing programs that covered the rural population nationwide. This system is called the Rural Cooperative Medical System or CMS which primarily served to fund and organize prevention, primary care, and secondary health care for the rural population. The system developed in the 1950’s established access to basic drugs and primary health care by paying doctors to deliver care, provide drugs, and partially reimbursed patients for services received at township and county facilities. The Urban Health Protection System for China’s urban workers was established in the early 1950’s and contains two primary divisions. The two divisions are the Government Insurance Scheme or GIS and the Labor insurance Scheme or LIS. The Government Insurance Scheme covers government employees, retirees, disabled veterans, and university teachers and students. The Labor Insurance Scheme covers state enterprise employees, retirees and their dependents. Only enterprises owned and managed by central or provincial governments with less than 100 employees have the option not to participate in the health plan. The Smaller state enterprises and industries owned by county or town governments can provide LIS on a voluntary basis. Each year each participating state-owned enterprises contributes approximately 11-14% of total wages as a welfare fund to finance health expenditures incurred by beneficiaries for the LIS. Currently, health care is free to citizens in this category whenever they see a doctor, however they are actually paying for doctors in the form of taxes and not on a as needed basis. Additionally, registration fees, nutrien...

Light a Candle with Smoke (Flame Science Trick)

Light a Candle with Smoke (Flame Science Trick) You know you can light a candle with another candle, but if you blow one of them out, did you know you can relight it from a distance? In this trick, youll blow out a candle and relight it by causing flame to travel along a path of smoke. How to Do the Traveling Flame Trick Light a candle. Have a second source of flame ready, such as another candle, a lighter, or a match.Blow out the candle and immediately place the other flame into the smoke.The flame will travel down the smoke and relight your candle. Tips for Success If you have trouble lighting the smoke, try moving your flame closer to the wick because thats where the concentration of vaporized wax is highest. Another tip is to make sure the air is still around the candle. Again, this is so you maximize the amount of wax vapor around the wick and have a clear smoke trail to follow. How the Traveling Flame Trick Works This fire trick is based on how candles work. When you light a candle, the heat from the flame vaporizes the candle wax. When you blow the candle out, vaporized wax briefly remains in the air. If you apply a heat source quickly enough, you can ignite the wax and use that reaction to relight the wick of the candle. Although it looks like youre lighting the candle with smoke, its really just the wax vapor that ignites. Soot and other debris from the flame isnt ignited. You can watch a YouTube video of this project to see a candle relight itself, but its even more fun to try it yourself. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Postmodern Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Postmodern Work - Essay Example This is a prerequisite for that vital characteristic known as modern intelligence. However, the drawback with the theory is that it. The philosopher Richard Tarnas has claimed that post-modernism could not stand on its own values ultimately if we take out the metaphysical impressions on which it has shaped itself and it takes modernism as a fake reality. Post-modernism is referred to as post-modern because it literally refers to everything after modernity. It deals with the new theories and the new sets that need to be evolved with the passage of time because the requirements of the new century and the challenges posed by this new are completely different from those that were posed by the previous ones. Thus, there is a vital need of new theories and a new set of ideas to prove and solve the problems that we encounter in the new world. The knowledge in the modern societies is signified by the use it has. It's also different in the way it is collated, gathered, arranged and stored in postmodern society when compared to the modern societies. The use of computers and the role of information technology has increased greatly in the societies of today. It has specially helped in the modes of knowledge that have now changed in terms of distribution and creation and also the way in which it's used or consumed. For some, post-modernism is synonymous with the start of the computer era that began in 1960s and revolutionized all aspects of modern life and social life. Profile of Artist: Patrick CaulfieldIs He Postmodern Patrick Caulfield was a British artist who was an important artist of the last 50 years. He mostly deals with the pop artistry like prints and so on. He could be referred to as a postmodern artist because of the characteristics of his art. He was a 'pop' artist, the artist of today. Many people could relate to his art, especially the younger population who identified with him and his art. We could call his work postmodern because he deals with the digital themes and so on and so forth. His work is very computerized and digital. Also, he is familiar with the modern themes and talks frequently about them in his art pieces. He is post-modern because he is very 20th century and is after modernity. He is also got a modern appeal with his audiences and admirers. He is also post-modern because he is multi-dimensional and deals with myriad themes and topics. Again, it is a vital characteristic of the post-modern period. He gets abstract at times and direct at others thus allowing a diversity of themes and modes and styles to take over. Here we have an artist of the last past half century who is post-modern as hinted by his work. In a sentence, Patrick Caulfield is the voice of modern art and the illustration below shall graphically tell us the way his work was done and also the various important post-modern characteristics evident in his art. "In postmodern societies, anything which is not

Art History - Romanticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Art History - Romanticism - Essay Example The Romantic Movement featured phrases like romantic originality, romantic composers, romantic originality, romantic thinkers, and not limited to the romantic era. The definition of romanticism initiates with nature and irrationality. Romanticism freed individuals and art from the contemporary thinking of the mid 19th century and late 19th century, which was judgmental and restrictive. The following philosophers and writers greatly influenced the growth of the Romantic Movement, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Johann Arthur Schopenhauer, Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. These philosophers believed and emphasized on the fact that an individual’s emotions and feelings were fundamental in the process of searching for truth in the universe. Romantic literature as a form of romanticism stressed on the idea of the inner self, the dream and the intrinsic part of the individual. In romantic literature, the visionary and imaginary part of the individual was exposed this was contrary to the contemporary thinking, which blindly, focused on traditions. In romantic literature, the church faced a huge criticism since it was judgmental and restrictive. Individuals indulged in romantic literature since it brought them on the verge of exemplifying their inner feelings and experiences. The Romantic Movement allowed individuals and more specifically, artist to focus on what they perceived without guilt or facing criticism. â€Å"The sublime† was a strong phrase when it came to the practice of romantic literature.... Romantic literature Romantic literature as a form of romanticism stressed on the idea of the inner self, the dream and the intrinsic part of the individual. In romantic literature, the visionary and imaginary part of the individual was exposed this was contrary to the contemporary thinking, which blindly, focused on traditions. In romantic literature, the church faced a huge criticism since it was judgmental and restrictive. Individuals indulged in romantic literature since it brought them on the verge of exemplifying their inner feelings and experiences. The Romantic Movement allowed individuals and more specifically, artist to focus on what they perceived without guilt or facing criticism. â€Å"The sublime† was a strong phrase when it came to the practice of romantic literature as it included emotional experiences such as horror, awe and magnificence. The ultimate basis of romantic literature was the indulgence in emotions and feelings, as it was seen to be important than a nalysis and logical thinking. A further analysis reveals that in romantic literature senses were important that intellect. Romantic literature aimed at eradicating the premise that materialism, empiricism, rationalism and idealism was important than emotions, feelings and irrationality (Riou 156). 2 Romanticism and nature The world around us better known as nature was highly used in the romantic era to help in defining romanticism. Romantics embraced nature as a definite work of art. Romantics expressed that any reasoning or analysis regarding nature put across by traditional thinking was short of the transcendence that nature depicted in terms of

Completing the GDP Rates Table Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Completing the GDP Rates Table - Essay Example Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Completing the GDP Rates Tables TABLE 1: USA (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Year GDP in US$ GDP % growth Pop. ... 35 2000 1075.57 1.25 30,689 1.24 271.9 1.339 178,940.9 230,838.3 -23,023 1.67 2.343 2001 1107.46 0.45 31,021 0.27 252.5 1.373 163,424.1 216,267.9 -13,717 1.68 2.417 2002 1154.95 0.94 31,373 -0.98 225.8 1.404 160,922.7 209,087.7 -48,167 1.69 2.578 2003 1214.60 0.2 31,676 0.80 275.8 1.443 169,923.7 221,594.7 -51,671 1.70 2.626 2004 1290.19 0.92 32,048 0.93 185.6 1.470 189,879.9 256,359.8 -45,678 1.7 1 2.785 2005 1368.73 1.35 32,359 0.40 221.3 1.502 211,898.7 290,384.3 -67,897 1.72 2.89 2006 1450.40 1.24 32,723 1.13 200.3 1.531 524,075 487,674 -56,432 1.76 2.345 2007 1529.58 0.98 33,115 0.69 213.8 1.565 534,718 505,055 -78,456 1.73 2.964 2008 1603.41 1.35 33,506 0.75 237.1 1.602 563,075 538,654 24,421 1.81 3.104 a) Column 5 = column 2 divided by column 4 [i.e. (2)/(4)] b) Column 10 = column 8 minus column 9 [i.e. (8)-(9)] c) Column 11 = column 8 divided by column 2 and multiplied by 100 [i.e. (8)/(2)*100] d) Column 12 = column 9 divided by column 2 and multiplied by 100 [i.e. (9)/(2)*10 0] How to do this assignment, 1. You should complete tables 1 and 2 on the page 1 which I will upload it. 2. Compare the GDP rates of growth and the Trade Balance of CANADA and the US and try to draw any conclusions based on economic theory The GDP rate of growth for U.S has been increasing constantly since 1994 until 2001. The growth rate for Canada has no particular sequence as it has been constantly increasing and decreasing as a result of the economic conditions. The trade balance for U.S is less than that of Canada over the years. Levi (2009) describes that Canada is the tenth largest economy as measures in US dollars. This is as a result of the importance of its primary sector with more revenue from the logging and oil industries. The manufacturing industry as well as the automobile

There are many projects known to the public, which have received Essay

There are many projects known to the public, which have received attention by the media because of their perceived failures. Select a well-known project and conduct research into its perceived failures - Essay Example This particular project aimed at the modernisation of the corporation’s production by designing a connected network between the digital productions along with the media assets to assist staff members when sharing, developing and using videos and/or audio materials (BBC, 2013). Unfortunately, due to the lack of proper planning and confusion, the project was eventually closed in the year 2013 even before being completely functional, owing to BBC’s management board’s perceived failure (Charette, 2013). Emphasising this particular instance of project failure, this study intends to discuss about the reasons behind the failures of project management by comparing with the various relevant literature studies based on the similar aspect. Additionally, the study will also reflect about the recommendations on the basis of the effective project management theories. The study will also focus on the implementation of the effective project management for deriving positive outcomes and reduce the increased rate of project management failures. BBCs DMI project failure depicts managerial confusions along with the improper planning framework as the principle reasons for project breakdown. Accordingly, it has been observed that failure in having a proper understanding of the project, but the execution team as well as the manager was another reason accountable for the failure of the DMI project. On further note, the BBC’s Chief technology officer, Mr. John Linwood was dismissed due to the failure of the DMI project, indicating a major proportion of liability to be held by the management team of the project for the loss company had to bear in consequence. The project, DMI, was developed with a view to reduce the inefficient use of video tapes by BBC staff, which required new in-house tools to be developed. The entire plan concentrated on the formulation of a new in-house tool to support the system,

Videotape reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Videotape reflection - Coursework Example I went further ahead in providing outstanding examples on the same. However, after a long talk I realized that she was not informed on the available learning points. For instance, she felt displaced when I used terms such as accommodation. I however took the professional role of explaining to her in detail what the course entailed. In addition, I realized that on top of missing critical information, my communication skills were wanting. In particular, my language was not active which upset him a little. I was poorly composed throughout the meeting. I began appropriately while composed. I introduced myself to Mrs. Shorts as well; I present the purpose of the meeting. Secondly, I never felt pressured to make important decisions. In fact, I explained everything to Mrs. Shorts, leaving her to make the decisions. I let Mrs. Shorts know that she can trust me. I avoided discussing too many negative issues of Chris; in fact, I focused on building Chris academically only. Equally, important I presented Chris agenda in a professional way leaving Mrs. Shorts to make critical decisions. However, I faced challenges in how I expressed myself, in light with conveying critical information. As well, I was a bit nervous while talking to Mrs. Shorts. Convincingly, I realized that in order to get composed for the discussion, I had to introduce Chris topic early; that is literacy development and academic success. I went forth to explain the importance of the collaborative relationship between Mrs. Shorts and me. I as well was obliged in accepting that parents view their role in different ways, which made me more knowledgeable about cultural diversity, and it affected my relationship with Mrs. Shorts. I build parents’ knowledge of literacy procedures where I assumed that Mrs. Shorts was supporting Chris learning. I even enquired how the boy performed while at home. In particular, I

Technology and the Environment Essay Example for Free

Technology and the Environment Essay With the development of Computers and information technology came talk of a new environmentally friendly era. The need to create and store documents on paper would be gone, along with the need to travel from city to city to conduct business meetings. The developers of computers sold Government Originations and Corporate America on these cost saving concepts. The promises made by computer developers proved to be somewhat true, especially given the wide spread deployment and use of Internet and email. Although computers have succeeded in reducing paper consumption, time, and fuel wasted while traveling they have managed to create some other waste management disasters. E-Waste is a new phrase that has been coined in the last few years. The term refers to the massive amounts of electronic waste that is being generated by ageing computer equipment being sent to disposal facilities and landfills each year. According to the National Safety Council, more than 150 million used PCs are sitting idle in storage in the United States with an additional 315 million computers that will need to be recycled or scrapped in 2004. The manufacturing of computers has transformed life in the second half of the 20th century. This also leads to rapid product obsolescence and lack of focus on environmental and social impacts of expanding production. The average computer platform now has a life span of about two years; hardware and software companies constantly generate new programs that demand more speed, memory and power. It is usually cheaper and more convenient to buy a new machine for the newer software than it is to upgrade the old machines. Disposing of e-waste in a landfill may seem harmless but in reality it is very dangerous to water supplies, plant life and humans in the surrounding areas. Electronic computer equipment is a complicated assembly of more than 1,000 materials, many of which are highly toxic, for example chlorinated and brominated substances, toxic gases, toxic metals, photo-active and biologically active materials, acids, plastics and plastic additives. Health impacts of the mixtures and material combinations in the products are unknown. The production of semiconductors, printed circuit boards, disk drives and monitors use very hazardous chemicals, and workers in chip  manufacturing are reporting cancer and birth defects. New evidence shows that computer-recycling employees have high levels of dangerous chemicals in their blood. The list of toxic components in computers also includes lead and cadmium in computer circuit boards, lead oxide and barium in computer monitors cathode ray tubes, mercury in switches and flat screens, and brominated flame retardants on printed circuit boards, cables and plastic casing. Considering the fact that landfills leak and even the best are not completely secure they will eventually allow a certain amount of chemical and metal leakage into the surrounding environment. The Environmental Protection Agency is just now beginning to recognize that these problems do exist and are creating new laws and regulations to correct disposal of e-waste. Several states are now adopting disposal programs, and some are even designating sites where consumers as well a businesses will be able to dispose of their unwanted computers without fees. These government programs as well as independent companies trying to recapture IT assets are proving successful. Although computers are responsible for a large increase in the amount of waste generated they have also been responsible for a significant decreases in fuel consumption and air pollution. With the rise of the communications era in recent years there is less need to travel. With video conferencing people can now go to a meeting without leaving their home, talk to someone with a cellular phone and do a myriad of other things including work, shop, search and communicate through the World Wide Web. With all this, there is less reliance on cars, which translates into less harmful carbon monoxide emissions. By using these advanced techniques and dealing with waste in a more responsible manor we would reduce air pollution and overfilled landfill sites saving valuable resources along with our invaluable environment. Waste recycling efforts, and utilization of technology hold the key to  solving our waste problems. By using methods such as recycling and responsible manufacturing techniques to reduce waste we would eliminate the need for designated landfill sites and the resulting massive pollution clean up costs. Computers like promised can be the solution, not cause of societies waste problems.

Introduction to Sacred Geometry

Introduction to Sacred Geometry By Arthur Simoes Introduction      Ã‚   in keeping with historic cultures, outstanding scientists, brilliant minds of philosophy and religion. knows geometry is aware of the universe, it is a language that governs all laws and rules of the cosmos. The introduction of many traditions describes the universe because the paintings of an Architect who makes use of sacred geometry to create out the dimensions of the universe, wisely designing every element of it, and controlling by means of just proportions evidenced in the geometric shapes of nature. The complete Universe (which include our solar device, as well as atoms, DNA, and beings) cover the secrets of stability, rhythm, share and harmony in range, the fractal connections of pieces with each different and the complete. This agreement is expressed with the help out some key numbers. Over the entrance to Platos academy became wrote down the word: Let none enter here who are ignorant of geometry Through time many were the number of scientists and philosophers who speaks about Sacred Geometry. Galileo, Plato, Pythagoras, St. Augustine , Johannes Kepler and others. Numbers are the thoughts of God. (St. Augustine) Mathematics is the alphabet with which God has written the universe. (Galileo) Geometry existed before the creation. It is co-eternal with the mind of GodGeometry provided God with a model for the Creation (Johannes Kepler). The sacred geometry can teach us the relationship between man and the universe as Hermes Trismegistus once said : That which is Below corresponds to that which is Above, and that which is Above, corresponds to that which is Below, to accomplish the miracles of the One Thing. What is Sacred Geometry ? In nature, we discover styles, designs, and systems from minuscule particles, to expressions of existence great through human eyes, to the greater cosmos. those necessarily follow geometrical archetypes, which reveal to us the nature of each form and its vibrations. theyre also symbolic of the basic spiritual rule of the inseparable courting of the element to the whole. its far this principle of oneness basic all geometry that fills the architecture of all shape in its countless range. This principle of connectedness inseparability and agreement gives us with a continuous reminder of our close to the entire, a blueprint for the mind to the sacred foundation of all things created.The basic concept is that geometry and mathematical ratios, harmonics, share are also found in songs, calm, cosmology. This price is visible as commonly even in prehistory, a cultural body of the human circumstance. its far considered basic to constructing sacred structures which include temples, mosques, megaliths, monuments and churches. Many forms in observed in nature may be associated with geometry. for instance, honeybees assemble hexagonal cells to avoid their honey. Sacred geometry can be understood as a worldview of pattern popularity, a complicated system of spiritual symbols and structures related to space, time and form. consistent with this view the simple patterns of lifestyles are visible as sacred. by using connecting with those, a believer expects the first-rate Mysteries and the extremely good blueprint. Sacred geometry has existed in lots of paperwork throughout the ages it is regularly mistakenly said that geometry started with the Greeks, however, earlier than they had been the Minoans, the Egyptians, Sumerians, Indus valley, Chinese, Phoenicians and of direction, megaliths all of whom left clear geometric fingerprints in their finest constructions. The Greeks may additionally properly have been the primary to have supplied geometry to the general public at massive, but they were by no means the first to comprehend it. Golden Ratio The Golden ratio is a special number found by dividing a line into two parts so that the longer part divided by the smaller part is also equal to the whole length divided by the longer part. This is also symbolized as phi, after the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet. In an equation that looks like this: a/b = (a+b)/a = 1.6180339887498948420 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ As with pi (the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter), the digits pass on and on to infinity. Phi is usually round off to 1.618. This number has been caught on and rediscovered oftentimes that is why theyve so many names to it, Golden section, divine proportion, Golden mean, and so on In records, this wide variety can be seen in an awful lot architecture of many historical creations, Pyramid Of Giza, Parthenon. on the Pyramid Of Giza, the period of every side of the base is 756 ft with a height of 481 ft. The ratio of the base to the height is 1.5717, close to the Golden ratio. Phidias (500 B.C. 432 B.C.) turned into a Greek sculptor and mathematician who is thought to have applied phi to the layout of sculptures for the Parthenon. Plato (428 B.C. 347 B.C.) taken into consideration the Golden ratio to be the most universally required of mathematical relationships. Later, Euclid (365 B.C. three hundred B.C.) related the Golden ratio to the development of a pentagram. around 1200, mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci determined the homes of the Fibonacci series. This collection is so much like the Golden Ratio because if you take two successive wide variety from the Fibonacci sequence the ratio is very near. because the numbers get larger the get in the direction of 1.618 as an instance, the ratio of 3 to five is 1.666. however, the ratio of 13 to 21 is 1.625. Getting even better, the ratio of one hundred forty-four to 233 is 1.618. The Golden Ratio can be determined in well-known artwork and sculptures from the Renaissance. In 1509, Luca Pacioli wrote a book that refers to the range because the Divine proportion, which became illustrated by Leonardo DA Vinci. Da Vinci, later himself referred to as the book Sectio Aurea or The Golden segment. Da Vinci used the Golden Ratio to demonstrate all his proportions on his painting Last Supper, in particular at the proportions of the desk on the and historical past. Golden ratio additionally appears in DA Vincis Vitruvian man and the Mona Lisa. other artists who used the Golden ratio consist of Michelangelo, Raphael, Rembrandt, Seurat, and Salvador Dali. Phi is greater than a difficult to understand time period located in mathematics and physics. It seems round us in our daily lives, even in our creative views. research have proven while taking a look at topics views random faces, the ones they believe most attractive are those with solid parallels to the Golden ratio. F aces judged because of the maximum attractive display Golden ratio proportions between the width of the face and the width of the eyes, nostril, and eyebrows. The test topics werent mathematicians and physicists educated with phi they had been just common human beings, and the Golden ratio introduced out an instinctual reaction. Fibonacci and Sequence The Fibonacci is a series of numbers is observed by using adding numbers earlier than it. beginning with zero and 1, the series is going 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,23,21,34 so forth. This sequence is called after one of the best mathematicians, Fibonacci also called Leonardo Of Pisa or Leonardo Pisano. Fibonacci turned into born round 1175 to Guglielmo Bonacci, a rich Italian service provider and, through some debts, the consul for Pisa. Guglielmo directed a trading submit in Bugia North Africa. Fibonacci as a young boy traveled with him, during this time he discovered approximately the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. Fibonacci traveled at the Mediterranean coast assembly many merchants alongside the way getting to know approximately their systems of doing mathematics. He quickly found out the benefits of the Hindu-Arabic arithmetic. afterward, in 1202 he completed writing a book called Liber Abaci which confirmed the Hindu-Arabic mathematics to the Latin-speaking countries. If you havent heard of the Fibonacci spiral Let me explain: a Fibonacci spiral is a fixed of connected quarter-circles drawn internal a group of squares with Fibonacci numbers for dimensions. The squares in shape flawlessly together due to nature of the collection, wherein the following variety is same to the sum of the 2 earlier than it. Any successive numbers have a ratio near the Golden ratio, thats kind of 1.618034. the larger the Fibonacci numbers are, the nearer it gets. The spiral ensuing are known as the Golden Ratio. The Golden Ratio represented by using the Greek letter Phi. Greek architects used the ratio for plenty well-known designs and systems inclusive of the Parthenon in Athens. Sacred Geometry in the Universe We humans beings are constantly looking at nature and its beauty, with its proportions and patterns which brings attention to our eyes. We experience this in many different structures, plants, animals, and paintings. Such as the Pyramid of Giza, The Last Supper by Da vinci, a shell

UCTA law essay :: essays research papers

C. THE UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS ACT 1977 The basic purpose of UCTA 1977 is to restrict the extent to which liability in a contract can be excluded for breach of contract and negligence, largely by reference to a reasonableness requirement, but in some cases by a specific prohibition. S.6(2) states that as against a person dealing as consumer, liability for breach of the obligations arising from ss.13, 14 or 15 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 (seller's implied undertakings as to conformity of goods with description or sample, or as to their quality or fitness for a particular purpose) cannot be excluded or restricted by reference to any contract term. Exclusion clauses subject to reasonableness S.6(3) states that as against a person dealing otherwise than as consumer liability for breach of the obligations arising from ss.13, 14 or 15 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 can be excluded or restricted by reference to a contract term, but only in so far as the term satisfies the requirement of reasonableness. The Act gives the greatest protection to consumers. Under s12(1) (1) A party to a contract  ´deals as consumer ´ in relation to another party if - (a) he neither makes the contract in the course of a business nor holds himself out as doing so; and (b) the other party does make the contract in the course of a business; and (c) in the case of a contract governed by the law of sale of goods or hire-purchase, or by section 7 of this Act, the goods passing under or in pursuance of the contract are of a type ordinarily supplied for private use or consumption. (1A) But if the first party mentioned in subsection (1) is an individual paragraph (c) of that subsection must be ignored. Peter Symmons & Co v Cook [1981] 131 NLJ 758 R & B Customs Brokers v United Dominions Trust Ltd [1988] 1 WLR 321. Peter Symmons & Co v Cook (1981) 131 NLJ 758 The plaintiff firm of surveyors bought a second-hand Rolls Royce from the defendants which developed serious defects after 2,000. It was held that the firm was acting as a consumer and that to buy in the course of a business 'the buying of cars must form at the very least an integral part of the buyer's business or a necessary incidental thereto'. It was emphasised that only in those circumstances could the buyer be said to be on equal footing with his seller in terms of bargaining strength.

Innocence in William Blakes The Divine Image Essay -- Blake Divine Im

Innocence in Blake's The Divine Image  Ã‚      Blake was both a poet and an artist and he created many Illuminated works which combined the two. These forms, each powerful in their own right are even more so when used together as in "The Divine Image." In analyzing this piece I will be looking at the elements and principles of art, the corresponding ‘elements and principles' of poetry and how they support one another to convey William Blake's idea of Innocence. Elements are the fundamental building blocks used in either art or poetry. In art they are line, shape/form, value, texture, colour (which I wasn't able to deal with in this case as the only reproduction was black and white) and space. In poetry one might classify the elements as word choice, word placement, scansion or meter, capitalization and punctuation. Principles are what are produced by putting the elements together. In art they are focal point, movement, subordinate area (background or setting), contrast and repetition. Interestingly in poetry several are similar, namely movement, contrast and repetition. Other things one might classify as principles of poetry are rhyme, line treatment, and tone. Of all the elements of art I will be dealing with, line and shape are by far the most important. All the figures are outlined and the vines running throughout the picture constitute line as do the letters. Line is also essential in the creation of value as this was printed on a press and all the ink is the same value. To create changes in value Blake used different densities and numbers of lines. The only texture in this work is a sort of implied texture that comes with creating value through a build up of line; some areas tend to acquire a ridged look. The use o... ... contrast of the living and the fire but neither the vine nor the figures are consumed. This presents an image of innocence similar to that of the Lion and the Lamb. Both the poem and the image serve to re-enforce each other as they present the freedom, harmony, and safety found in the state of Innocence. It seems fitting that these together would be called an Illumination as they help shed light on Blake's true meaning. Works Cited and Consulted Blake, William. Songs of Innocence and of Experience. Intro. Geoffry Keynes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967. Easson, Kay. "The Art of the Book." Blake in His Time. Essick and Pearce ed. 1978. (35-51). Frye, Northrop. "Poetry and Design in William Blake." The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 10 (Sept., 1951) 35-42. Mellor, Anne. Blake's Human form divine. U of California P Berkeley; 1974.

Baroque Art

Challenge II Baroque Art: What is it and why do we care about it? The Baroque is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, and music. The style began around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe. It's defined as â€Å"a style of European architecture, music, and art of the 17th and 18th centuries that followed mannerism and is characterized by ornate detail.In architecture the period is exemplified by the palace of Versailles and by the work of Bernie in Italy. Major composers include Vivaldi, Bach, and Handel; Carving and Rueben are important baroque artists. † (Being Dictionary) However, the word â€Å"baroque† seems to have a slight negative connotation-the original translations of this word include Italian for â€Å"tortuous medieval pedantry' and Portuguese for â€Å"deformed pearl. In other a ccounts, Baroque is associated with strange, bizarre, and spectacle. This is probably because of the art side of the baroque period: controversial artists such as Peter Paul Rueben captured voluptuous women on canvas in The Rape of Lucrative and The Rape of the Daughters of Leucosis, and Giant Lorenz Bernie in The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. So why is all this this important to us? Well, despite being a bit provoking and over-extravagant, the baroque period was also beneficial.In addition to producing the earliest European music familiar to most of us, including Bachelor's Canon and Vivaldi The Four Seasons, the baroque era also greatly expanded our horizons. The acceptance of Copernicus 16th century theory that the planets didn't evolve around the earth made the universe a much larger place, while Galileo work helped us get better acquainted with the cosmos.The philosophical aspect of the baroque makes it important; and the vestiges of the era are still heard today in music- some of t he most influential and beloved compositions are regularly performed in concert halls, and snippets of Bach and Vivaldi frequently appear in the solos of heavy metal guitarists. Having long since shed its derogatory connotations, â€Å"baroque† is now simply a convenient catch-all for one of the richest and most diverse periods in music and art history. Baroque Art By perpendicular

Memory of the Holocaust in Maus

Memory of the Holocaust in Maus It is considered a sacred Jewish practice for kids to listen to and conserve their parents’ stories because it is a way to understand and relate to their history. But what happens when most of your family and relatives are suddenly marked for death? What happens when they are confronted with the horrific reality of the massive structured and organized extermination of countless numbers of Jews known as the Holocaust?For the second generation survivors, how can one even find any means to relate to their parent’s miraculous experience of surviving in a place that could be called hell on earth? Art Spiegelman’s Maus: A Survivor’s Tale confronts this issue, by revealing the psychological and physical damage which one Holocaust survivor, Vladek went through as he fought his way to live and to tell his story to his son. Vladek’s experience in Auschwitz renders him almost as a ghost, devoid of any emotion which puts a strain on his relationship with his son, Art, who in turn is living his parents’ shadows of their survival.In Maus, the narrative of the tragedy and tribulation the Holocaust survivors experienced reveals how memories can have a negative and damaging impact on the present for the survivors and later generations, suggesting that it is best to avoid the recollection of the traumatic past. Vladek Spiegelman appears a brave, valiant figure in his account of the time he endured in Auschwitz. From his interpretation, the reader gets this perception of him as an indestructible hero, similar to the Superman.We see him as a clever, bright, and determined man as he negotiates and barters his way in the camp to win a better chance of surviving. Although he constantly asserts it was due to good fortune, the majority of it came through his personal undertaking. However, in contrast to the fearless Vladek we are told about, the aged one who shares his memories is only a white ghost. The severe p hysical torture he has undergone has weakened his body and mind to the point where he becomes a neurotic who’s obsessed with the littlest details, such as counting pills and money.When Art asks him if everything is okay as he’s sorting his nails, Vladek replies â€Å"Nu? with my life now, you know It can’t be everything okay. † (I. 5. 98) All the massive strength he used to endure the pain has turned him into an paranoid and temperamental old man. His strange obsession to keep everything fine stems from the constant need to continue fighting for his life after the events of Auschwitz. It reveals how difficult it is for a survivor to let go and move on from the past since his obsessive sorting of his things in a way represents his sorting of his painful memories.As Vladek narrates his story to Art, he always stressed the importance of surviving, such as the time where he persuades a depressed Anja to not commit suicide once she learns the death of their so n, Richieu. Vladek tells her â€Å"No, darling! To die, it’s easy†¦ But you have to struggle for life! † (I. 5. 122). This hopeful young Vladek seems false since the reader and Art never get to know what his feelings were at that time. Vladek’s difficulty with communicating his emotions to his son demonstrate the damaging psychological effect that Auschwitz has left on him.Therefore it is best to only tell the facts since doing so brings back all the sorrow and grief. Maus is told from two first person narrative and so as an audience, we are allowed to see both Vladek and Art’s personal viewpoint. Spiegleman does this for the audience to form a rather deep connection with both characters. Arts’ relationship with his father, Vladek is volatile and there is a rift between the Holocaust survivor and his son. Vladek’s narration of his story is not in chronological order at all because he jumps from place to place and even forgets to mention other possibilities with what might occur in Auschwitz.Vladek’s memory fits in James Young definition of â€Å"deep† memory in â€Å"The Holocaust as Vicarious Past. † In it, Young describes it â€Å"as that which remains essentially inarticulable and unrepresentable, that which continues to exist as unresolved trauma just beyond the reach of meaning† (667). It is memory that can not be recalled at will, and for some people such as Vladek who suffered a traumatic event like Auschwitz, can’t be integrated into a storyline. His recollection of his experience in the camps is unreliable at most times so Art has the responsibility of keeping it true according to historical sources.The reader also sees Arts’ failed attempt to put it in a logical order in order to create some meaning out of it. Art’s recording of his father’s history and drawings of the events assists him in connecting to Vladek’s mind and behavior, but only t o an extent. At the end of the story, Vladek’s fading from consciousness is a type of closure and is â€Å"deep† memory in the sense that it does not offer reconciliation of the narrative. Instead, the narrative turns into anti-redemptive and more wounds open up as after Art’s father mistakes him for his first dead son.Art Spiegelman is the second generation of the Holocaust survivor and tries to represent this event by recording his father’s history. In Maus, he is seen as the observer and is sort of removed from his parent’s history. Since he is unable to access their experience or identify with them, he lives under their shadow and also his unborn brother, Richieu. Vladek transfers his survivor’s guilt onto his son and places desires on Art that he would never can achieve. Therefore Art will always feel remorse over his failure and a certain responsibility to please his dad.As a result, Art resorts to his therapist, Pavel, who also is a s urvivor of the Holocaust, as a father figure. â€Å"Somehow my arguments with my father have lost a little of their urgency†¦ and Auschwitz just seems too scary to think about†¦ so I just lie there†¦ No matter what I accomplish, it doesn’t seem like much compared to surviving Auschwitz† (II. 2. 44). Art was the son who survived but because he wasn’t an actual witness, he can’t empathize with his parents’ scars.All he can do is only acknowledge and attempt to understand it, but at times he also resents managing with their trauma. This is shown when he accuses his mother of her suicide and not letting him take the blame for their grief and heartache. Art can’t stand his dad’s overwhelming grief and in turn writes another comic, â€Å"Prisoner on Hell Planet† to express his frustration and shame. Vladek soon discovers this comic and all the emotions and grief comes back as he relives the traumatic memories of the Ho locaust.This demonstrates how influential the Holocaust survivor’s history is on the second generation, leading to a mixture of compassion and resentment regarding their relationship with the event. Art’s vexation over his inability to relate personally to his parent’s tragedy and his tenacious attempt to record his father’s past reveals the personal difficulties and stress one goes through to represent accurately the painful memories of the Holocaust. Continuing the conversation with the therapist, Pavel tells Art â€Å"Anyway, the victims who died can never tell their side of the story, so maybe it’s etter not to have any more stories. † Art replies â€Å"Uh-huh. Samuel Beckett once said: â€Å"Every word is like an unnecessary stain on silence and nothingness† (II. 2. 45). This is an example of Peter Weiss’ My Place, where he discusses fearful anticipation of the attempt to form an authentic connection with the suffering th e victims experienced during the Holocaust. Weiss talks about how being in Auschwitz and touching the rooms to try to reconnect his body to the space, including the concrete blocks, the Black Wall, the washroom, etc.Weiss comments â€Å"Thoughts, none. No impressions, except that I am alone here, that it is cold†¦ † (22). Despite reading about this place in books before, there is a lack of knowledge of what actually occurred since being there almost destroys all his preconceived notion of the event. Weiss’ visit to the camps to try to place himself in the minds of both the victims and perpetrators only leaves him with an overwhelming feeling of survivor’s guilt. Everything he learned about this place, he can’t learn more even when he’s here.The more he tries to confront the reality of Auschwitz by walking around from place to place, the more disconnected he feels. Likewise, the more Art tries to describe and narrate his dad’s story to e xpress this catastrophic event, the less the words mean because it is insufficient to address it this way. Weiss learns this lesson when he mentions that â€Å"yet after a while everything is silent and unmoving even here. A living man has come and what happened here hides itself from him† (28). He realizes that â€Å"he is only standing in a vanished world.Here there is nothing more for him to do†¦ Then he knows that it has not ended yet† (28). There is a questioning on the entire relationship between father and son, revealing the complexities attached with the lessons one learns and tries to understand involving a survivor’s memory of the Holocaust. The kids of Holocaust survivors can’t truly relate to the horrors their parents were subjected to. The past can’t be retrieved because of Pierre Nora’s identification of the third type of memory in the modern era, â€Å"distance-memory,† which are distorted versions of the past memo ry.It is â€Å"no longer a retrospective continuity but the illumination of discontinuity† (16). It is a past that that’s a world apart from us due to the â€Å"births† of new ideas and events rather than speaking of â€Å"origins. † There’s a discontinuity with distance memory because what happened was lost in remnants of the person’s mind. It changes every time they try to recollect it. All one can do is be a witness to their testimony and the answer lies in the attempt to learn from it.

How far did conditions improve for Black Americans between 1945-1955? Essay

The decade following up to WW2 there was general hostility towards Black Americans, lynching’s and beatings were quite common in the Deep South. Due to the huge amount of volunteered/conscripted black Americans who joined to fight for ‘liberty and freedom’ in Europe, many also fought the war of liberty and freedom at home. When black soldiers returned majority were still met with the same segregation and racism that they had felt when they left. However you could see some improvements in political, social and economic conditions for them; largely achieved through a combination of federal measures, supreme court decisions, and black activism. But there were clear limits to this progress due to powerful forces such as white racist attitudes, congressional resistance and lack of executive commitment. Conditions Improved a) Political The way the black soldiers had fought had changed a number of people’s views, including President Harry S. Truman, whom was known for being racist, understood that there were social developments in place and the black population began to have a voice such as organisations like the NAACP. Immobilised Black American soldiers were given the chance to have a college education and they had took advantage of this, they had also been treated like heroes in Europe but were unequal in the USA- Truman saw this was injustice and though they shouldn’t be subject to racist attacks, which made them more motivated to take action. In connection to this, there was increased awareness of southern inequality due to more motor cars and televisions becoming more accessible, so campaigns were mobile and more recognised. His reaction to this was â€Å"the buck stops here† meaning he was determined to get equal human rights for all citizens. The extent to which his motives were questionable as it can be argued he was well aware the black vote was of growing importance for the Democratic Party, so he knew he needed to gain their support. However having the President on side was a great step to making black and white citizens equal, and was one of the key steps to success for the Civil Rights movement, the other two being a Supreme Court and congress with pro-civil rights majority in the US constitution. Truman took government action to help black people. In 1946, Truman established the President’s Committee on Civil Rights; they produced  a report â€Å"To Secure These Rights† which examined racial minorities in America, so that they could address these issues. Such problems included lynching (over 300 reported cases from 1882-1945), police brutality(barbaric beating, forced confessions when innocent), voting rights (in 1944 only 18% of black people in the South could vote), employment, education and healt h ( black people were paid less that whites even if educated, and medical schools refused to take black students and they had less doctors). The summary was that segregation was causing many problems, â€Å"separate but equal† did not exist as blacks did not receive equal treatment, and were seen as inferior to associate with white people. Truman also appointed William Hastie as the first black judge in relation to making opportunities fairer in employment and education. He also appointed Ralph Bunche as the American Ambassador of the United Nations; he mediated between the Israelis and Palestinians and won the Nobel peace prize for this in 1950. These government appointments impacted the psychology of the black and white citizens, they could all see that black people were beginning to get high positions of power and authority; this in turn would help secure more democratic black votes, as their fair opportunities were being shown to increase. He also recognised that black campaigners such as Philip Randolph were telling soldiers to not go to war due to how they were treated, and he used his power to desegregate armed forces, under an exec. Order 9981 which guaranteed â€Å"equality of treatment and opportunity for all†, this boosted the morale and confidence of soldiers which encouraged them to fight for America. The inauguration of Truman was also not segregated, which showed the immediate effect of his policies all around the world as he had publicity. social The NAACP- the National association for the advancement of coloured people were a popular protest group that fought segregation and wanted to enfranchise black people with rights , between 1939 and 42, their members had grown from 50,000 to 450,000 so by 45 they were well established.Groups like these used methods involving both direct and indirect action. The indirect action the NAACP took were supporting people in their court cases to get the Supreme Court to take notice of the political incorrectness for  black people. Such cases included the 1944 Smith v Alwright which concerned the voting rights of black people in Texas, they were allowed to vote in congressional elections but not primary elections- which were more important as it determined the winning candidate. The case was taken to the Supreme Court and the 15th amendment states that all citizens have the right to vote so the case was won and all white primary elections were outlawed throughout the whole of America. In 1946, the case of Morgan v Virginia was regarding the segregation of interstate bus services, she was fined for not giving up her seat for a white person and she argued her constitutional rights were violated. This was taken to the Supreme Court and her case was won, segregation on transport was ruled illegal. in1950, Sweatt v Painter was a case about a black student wanting to study law, but was refused admission in Texas, a new law school was built for black students only, but this was shown to be inferior to the white school so Sweatt was able to register for the Texas law school and so the case was a success. The Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 showed how black children weren’t being provided with an adequate education, and that segregation had a negative effect on black children. It was recognised that southern states failed to provide an education and the racist education system didn’t reflect on the ideals on America, so the decision was reached due to a change in leadership of the Supreme Court, Earl Warren replaced the deceased judge and he was much more sympathetic so used his authority to persuade desegregation. This case was a major stepping stone for black people, however there was a lot of white backlash, southern racists were provoked, like the KKK and white citizens council. The case was re opened for Brown II in 1955 as desegregation was not happening fast enough especially in southern states so it was argued a timetable needed to be implemented. The Brown case also demonstrated how the new President Eisenhower (from 1953) was unwilling to help, and showed how de jure change had little de facto change in the Southern states especially. economic Much like when slavery was still legal, the primary jobs for African Americans in the south were in agriculture, where they would work for very low pay and as a result remain very poor. However war had forced the south to spend over $4.5 billion creating factories for war goods, blacks couldn’t  get jobs in them at first though due to racism and prejudice on the part of those hiring (a social issue). But this was resolved in 1941 when President Roosevelt, under the threat of ‘black’ activism issued an executive order creating the Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC). The FEPC forced industries not to discriminate on the grounds of ‘race, creed, colour or national origin’. This had made the economic situation for ‘blacks’ better but it wasn’t to last as many were fired from their war time jobs to be replaced with returning white servicemen. Still,the war period had vastly improved the economic situation for African Americans on the whole, this can be proved on statistics alone; the number of unemployed African Americans in 1940 was 937,000 but fell to 151,000 in 1945, showing a huge improvement. Simply due to the lower income made by ‘blacks’ in both the North and South meant they were forced into substandard housing (Ghettos) as they were unable to afford better. In the North ‘blacks’ were predominantly industrial workers and during war time there was a second wave of black migration from South to North (the first being ‘The Great Migration’). Again proved by statistics; in 1940 a quarter of African Americans lived in the North (primarily in industrial cities such as Philadelphia), but by 1950 it was nearly a third (a migration of about 500,000 during the war), this was driven by the ‘war boom’. It must still be kept in mind that although it jobs were better in the North the situation was still not ideal, ‘blacks’ would earn, on average, 50% less than their white colleagues and it was common for whites to object to the promotion of African Americans. Finally whites were still more likely to be employed over ‘blacks’ and example of this is in New York, where 6% of white men were unemployed compared to 10% of black men.

Secret Heart essays

Secret Heart essays The book Secret Heart takes place in Helmouth, in present day. The author of this book David Almond grew up in a large family in northeastern England and says The place and the people have given me many of my stories. He started his career as a writer after he graduated from college. This book is one of the few that he has written. For example his first novel was Skellig, his second was Kits Wilderness, and his third was Heaven Eyes. David Almond loves to write, he says Writing can be difficult, but sometimes it really does feel like kind of magic. I think that stories are living things among the most important things in the world. David Almond is an amazing writer, but in Secret Heart he made it too boring. I almost fell asleep several times while reading this book. For example on one whole page they do nothing but jump over an elastic band, while Corinna was jumping with the children she says jump children jump (194). Another thing that he did is in some parts he needed to add just a little more detail. For example when Stanny yelled at the snake it slithered away, he should have thrown something at it all he did was yell. In the book it says It turned its bloodied head and eyes and stared at them for a second, then darted off (24). Another thing is that the whole book is about three days. When you read it, it seems a lot longer than three days. However there were a few parts in this book that I felt were particularly good. For example when Joff and Stanny killed the panther, and Joe and Corinna find it. The book says There was no head of course (156). Another thing is That Joe has dreams and he cant tell if they are real or not, his mother had said you and your dreams (19). This book was a good book it was entertaining for the most part. It had some faults, but I really liked it. If anyone is thinking about reading it I highly recommend it be...

Whats the Highest Possible SAT Score

What's the Highest Possible SAT Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Curious about what perfection looks like on the SAT, or about how many people get perfect scores every year? In this post, we'll show you what the highest possible score on the SAT is and how many raw points you need to rack up in each section to earn that score. We'll also include tips and links to other more detailed articles for those aiming for that rare- but not impossible!- maximum SAT score. What Is a Perfect SAT Score? The highest possible score you can earn on the SAT is 1600 points. To get this score, you have to get a perfect 800 on each of the two sections: Math, and Evidenced-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW). These scores are then totaled to give you a composite score of 1600. (Note that the SAT Essay is optional, so even if you take it, this score will not be factored into your final composite score. You could, therefore, technically get a very low essay score but still net a perfect 1600!) A perfect SAT score is incredibly rare. According to the College Board's most recent total group report, approximately 2.1 million students took the SAT in 2018. Of these, just 7% (145,023 students) scored between 1400 and 1600. Clearly, very few people scored above 1400 alone, let alone a perfect 1600! Unfortunately, the College Board does not tell us directly how many test takers got a perfect score; however, we can use percentiles to estimate how many might've gotten a 1600. According to the most recent SAT percentiles, less than 1% of test takers scored in the range of 1500-1600. Since 1% is equal to about 21,000 students, we can say that fewer than 21,000 students scored 1550-1600 on the SAT in 2018. If you want to beat the odds and go for a 1600, read on for the raw scores you will need for each section on the SAT, and tips for how to get those scores. For help translating your raw score (the total number of questions you got correct) in each section toa scaled score (your final section score between 200 and 800), here are two score charts with raw score to scaled score conversions. Both charts come from official SAT practice tests. Note that since your Reading and Writing scores are combined for a single EBRW score out of 800, each raw score first translates into a test score (out of 40) and then later to a combined score out of 800. For more info on how to calculate your SAT scores, check out our in-depth guide. Raw Score Math Scaled Score Reading Test Score Writing Test Score 0 200 10 10 1 200 10 10 2 210 10 10 3 230 11 10 4 240 12 11 5 260 13 12 6 280 14 13 7 290 15 14 8 310 15 15 9 320 16 15 10 330 17 16 11 340 17 17 12 360 18 17 13 370 19 18 14 380 19 19 15 390 20 19 16 410 20 20 17 420 21 21 18 430 21 21 19 440 22 22 20 450 22 23 21 460 23 23 22 470 23 24 23 480 24 25 24 480 24 25 25 490 25 26 26 500 25 26 27 510 26 27 28 520 26 28 29 520 27 28 30 530 28 29 31 540 28 30 32 550 29 30 33 560 29 31 34 560 30 32 35 570 30 32 36 580 31 33 37 590 31 34 38 600 32 34 39 600 32 35 40 610 33 36 41 620 33 37 42 630 34 38 43 640 35 39 44 650 35 40 45 660 36 46 670 37 47 670 37 48 680 38 49 690 38 50 700 39 51 710 40 52 730 40 53 740 54 750 55 760 56 780 57 790 58 800 Source:Scoring Your SAT Practice Test #1 Raw Score Math Scaled Score Reading Test Score Writing Test Score 0 200 10 10 1 200 10 10 2 210 10 10 3 230 11 10 4 250 12 11 5 270 13 12 6 280 14 13 7 300 15 14 8 320 16 15 9 340 16 16 10 350 17 16 11 360 18 17 12 370 18 18 13 390 19 19 14 410 20 19 15 420 20 20 16 430 21 21 17 450 21 22 18 460 22 23 19 470 22 23 20 480 23 24 21 490 23 24 22 500 23 25 23 510 24 26 24 520 24 26 25 530 25 27 26 540 25 27 27 550 26 28 28 560 26 28 29 570 27 29 30 580 27 30 31 590 28 31 32 600 28 31 33 600 28 32 34 610 29 32 35 620 29 33 36 630 30 33 37 640 30 34 38 650 31 35 39 660 31 36 40 670 32 37 41 680 32 37 42 690 33 38 43 700 33 39 44 710 34 40 45 710 35 46 720 35 47 730 36 48 730 37 49 740 38 50 750 39 51 750 39 52 760 40 53 770 54 780 55 790 56 790 57 800 58 800 Source:Scoring Your SAT Practice Test #4 You probably noticed that there are slight differences in how raw scores translate to scaled scores. For example, a Math raw score of 57 would get you a 790 on the first exam but a perfect 800 on the second exam. The reason for this is that each SAT exam is equated so that, even with slight differences in exam difficulty, SAT scores are reliable across different test dates. For example, a 1400 on a March SAT will represent the same skill level as a 1400 on a May SAT, even if the May SAT was more difficult. Read our SAT scoring article for a more detailed explanation of the equating process. Aim high on the SAT- but, uh, maybe not as high as Mt. Everest. Maximum SAT Score on Math According to the charts above, to get an 800 on the Math section of the SAT, you have to get all 58 questions right for a perfect raw score of 800. Occasionally, a 57 might cut it, but this won’t be the same for all tests, so assume you need a perfect 58. This means that when you study, you're aiming for perfection. Figure out which types of questions you tend to miss. Maybe you struggle with a certain topic, such as slopes or fractions. Or perhaps you often get tripped up on grid-in questions (the ones where you have to provide an answer). In any case, find out what your mistakes are, and practice relentlessly. For more tips, check out our guide to getting a perfect SAT Math score, written by our resident perfect scorer. Perfect Score on Evidence-Based Reading and Writing To get an 800 on EBRW, you can miss at most one Reading question, but you need to get all 44 Writing questions correct. Keep in mind that the scoring process for EBRW is a bit more complicated than it is for Math. As a reminder, Reading is half your EBRW score, and Writing is the other half. Each section score is first converted to a test score on a scale of 10-40. You'll need to get a perfect 40 on each section for a combined total of 80, which translates to a final scaled EBRW score of 800. We recommend aiming for a perfect raw score of 52 on Reading and a full raw score of 44 on Writing to get that perfect 800. Why? Depending on which date you take the SAT, raw scores can be adjusted to scaled scores differently, due to equating. (Again, for more in-depth information on this process, check out our SAT scoring article.) This means that a 51 on Reading on one version of the SAT could net you an 800- but fail to cut it on another version. Just like for the Math section, shoot for perfection in your practice. For Reading, which has you tackle long passages, develop a strategy for how you'll approach passages. This could be skimming the passage first and then answering the questions later, or looking at the questions first and then finding the answers in the passage.Once you've decided on a strategy, practice it (ideally, with SAT Reading tests) until you can work quickly, efficiently, and without making careless mistakes. The Writing section, too, contains long passages but moves especially fast (you only get about 47 seconds per question!), so it's important to experiment with a variety of passage-reading strategies to see which one works best for you. Some students might prefer to read the entire passage first and then tackle the questions after, while others might choose to read the passage in paragraphs and do the questions as they come up. If you struggle with grammar, make sure to read up on the major grammar rules tested on the SAT. You’ll need to have a solid understanding of these rules to tackle the Writing questions quickly and accurately! The Bottom Line: Getting a Perfect SAT Score Although a perfect 1600 SAT score is incredibly rare, with consistent studying, a solid array of SAT resources, and a keen understanding of your own strengths and weaknesses, it is not impossible to get this admirable score. Study hard, and continue to reflect on where you can improve. Finally, be sure to check out our other articles for more in-depth tips and strategies for your SAT prep! What's Next? Want to get a perfect SAT score? Read our step-by-step guide on what it takes to get a perfect SAT score, written by a full 1600 scorer. How long should you study for the SAT? Get tips with our easy six-step guide. Looking for strategies you can use to raise your SAT score on a retake? Then check out our 15 tried and true tips. You'll not only get specific strategies for each section of the SAT but also learn how to approach the test as a whole. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

Definition and Examples of Content (Lexical) Words

Definition and Examples of Content (Lexical) Words In English grammar and semantics, a  content word is a  word that conveys information in a text or speech act. Also known as a lexical word, lexical morpheme,  substantive category, or contentive.  Contrast with  function word  or grammatical word. In his book The Secret Life of Pronouns (2011), social psychologist James W. Pennebaker expands this definition: Content words are words that have a culturally shared meaning in labeling an object or action. . . . Content words are absolutely necessary to convey an idea to someone else. Content words- which include nouns, lexical verbs, adjectives, and adverbs- belong to open classes of words: that is, new members are readily added. The denotation of a content word, say  Kortmann and Loebner, is the category, or set, of all its potential referents (Understanding Semantics, 2014). Examples and Observations All morphemes can be divided into the categories lexical [content] and grammatical [function]. A lexical morpheme has a meaning that can be understood fully in and of itself- {boy}, for example, as well as {run}, {green}, {quick}, {paper}, {large}, {throw}, and {now}. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are typical kinds of lexical morphemes. Grammatical morphemes, on the other hand- such as {of}, {and}, {the}, {ness}, {to}, {pre}, {a}, {but}, {in}, and {ly}- can be understood completely only when they occur with other words in a sentence. (Thomas E. Murray, The Structure of English. Allyn and Bacon, 1995)Reverend Howard Thomas  was the presiding elder over a district in  Arkansas, which included  Stamps. (Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)Most people with low self-esteem have earned it. (George Carlin, Napalm Silly Putty. Hyperion, 2001)The  odor  of fish hung thick in the air. (Jack Driscoll,  Wanting Only to Be Heard. University of Massachusetts Press, 1995) Liberal and conservative have lost their meaning in America. I represent the distracted center. (Jon Stewart) Function Words vs. Content Words Grammatical words [function words] tend to be short: they are normally of one syllable and many are represented in spelling by less than three graphemes (I, he, do, on, or). Content words are longer and, with the exception of ox and American Englishs ax, are spelt with a minimum of three graphemes. This criterion of length can also be extended to the production of the two sets of words in connected speech. Here grammatical words are often unstressed or generally de-emphasised in pronunciation. (Paul Simpson, Language Through Literature. Routledge, 1997) All languages make some distinction between content words and function words.  Content words carry descriptive meaning; nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are types of content word. Function words are typically little words, and they signal relations between parts of sentences, or something about the pragmatic import of a sentence, e.g. whether it is a question. Lewis Carrolls Jabberwocky poem illustrates the distinction well: Twas brillig, and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe:All mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths outgrabe. In this poem all the made-up words are content words; all the others are function words. In English, function words include determiners, such as the, a, my, your, pronouns (e.g. I, me, you, she, them), various auxiliary verbs (e.g. have, is, can, will do), coordinating conjunctions (and, or, but), and subordinating conjunctions (e.g. if, when, as, because). Prepositions are a borderline case. They have some semantic content, but are a small closed class, allowing hardly any historical innovation. Some English prepositions serve a mainly grammatical function, like of (what is the meaning of of?) and others have clear descriptive  (and relational) content, like under.  New content words in a language can  be readily invented; new nouns, in particular, are continually being coined, and new verbs (e.g. Google, gazump) and adjectives (e.g. naff, grungy) also not infrequently come into use. The small set of function words in a language, by contrast, is much more fixed and relatively steady over centuries. (James R. Hurford, The  Origins of Language: A Slim Guide.  Oxford University Press, 2014) Content Words in Speech Typically, the prominent syllable in a tone unit will be a content word (e.g. a noun or verb) rather than a function word (e.g. a preposition or article), since content words carry more meaning than function words. Function words will only be stressed if prominence on them is contextually warranted. (Charles F. Meyer, Introducing English Linguistics. Cambridge University  Press, 2010)

Short clauses can take commas

Short clauses can take commas Short clauses can take commas Short clauses can take commas By Maeve Maddox Ron Milan wants to use a comma to separate two short clauses: I wrote a sentence: Experts teach, peers comfort. Word creates an error unless I write Experts teach and peers comfort. or Experts teach; peers comfort. (semi colon versus comma).    However, I like the shorter pause by a comma.   Any rules on this? Punctuation exists to help readers make sense of what is written, but it can also be a means of helping a reader hear the writer’s voice. The difference between Ron’s preferred sentence and those suggested by Word is a difference of style. All three sentences are understandable, but the first conveys an introspective tone that the others lack. Julius Caesar’s boast of Veni, vidi, vici is usually translated as I came, I saw, I conquered. The insertion of an and or of semicolons would spoil the effect by slowing it down or making it sound more prosaic than triumphant. The Chicago Manual of Style staunchly defends the semicolon to separate independent clauses not joined by a conjunction: Two independent clauses not joined by a conjunction are best separated by a semicolon or a period. This principle has always been the fifth major rule put forth in The Elements of Style- starting with Strunk’s original (Ithaca, NY, 1918) and continuing almost unchanged . . . through the latest (fourth) edition of Strunk and White (New York, 2000). Strunk, however, doesn’t get the last word, not even in the offices of the CMS. When a writer queried about using a comma instead of a semicolon in a sentence with two independent clauses and no conjunction, the response was that the sentence in question did, in fact, read better with the comma. The CMS editor acknowledged that [s]ometimes the ear is more important than the rulebook. When choosing whether to use a comma or a semicolon, the writer must consider both clarity and desired stylistic effect. Here’s an interesting About article on the semicolon P.S. I just discovered that the National Geographic Manual of Style supports the comma for short clauses and no conjunction. Their example is also the Julius Caesar quotation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Cannot or Can Not?What Is the Meaning of "Hack?"

Respond essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Respond - Essay Example People need to discard their otherness in the other culture through assimilation. They have to adopt Anglicized names in order to have themselves accepted as normal beings. They do not want to be de alla, for which they have to adopt an identity that is different from one they are born with. Hence, Munoz’s main focus is on the need of people to adopt Anglicized names to adapt in a new culture that is superior to their own. 2. Munoz does not state his thesis statement straight away; instead, he starts with an account of a Mexican woman calling a visitor at the airport, and then describes how his cousins and others in the family changed their names in order to get themselves accepted in the English society. Munoz, much later in the essay, talks about how assimilation affects one’s identity, when he says: â€Å"It applies to needing to belong, of seeing from the outside and wondering how to get in and then, once inside, realizing there are always those still on the fringe† (Munoz, para.17). In the same paragraph, Munoz states how the corrosive effect of assimilation affects an individual’s cultural identity. He states that assimilation results in one culture displacing the other, and this happens when one is not able to sustain two identities in one being, for which he has to leave one and adopt the other that is useful for him in terms of living and profession. One has to give in to the new culture to feel accepted, or in a broader sense, to escape from ethnic/racial discrimination. 3. Munoz gives lists of names to reinforce his thesis statement. He mentions names of his cousins, his grandfather, and others in his family and friends, to emphasize upon his thesis statement. I found it a little bit distracting, although it was helpful in understanding what he really meant to say. A few examples were really necessary to obtain a clear understanding, but I really found it annoying to go through so many names,

You Choose A topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

You Choose A topic - Essay Example This reflects the strength of a woman, and portrays someone embrace her feminine sexuality to attract a lover. The punishment was not the raid inflicted by the villagers, but the family’s deliberately forgetting the â€Å"No name woman†. ‘White Tigers’ story talks of Fa Mu Lan, a woman worrier who took her father’s place in a battle. After the end of the battle, she goes back to serve her people and families.Kingston, borne at the middle of World War II, learnt from her mother’s stories that all the white people around was ghosts. This created fear of the non - Chinese people in her. Later on â€Å"At the western palace†, when Brave Orchid is at the airport waiting for her sister from Hong Kong, she describes all the non-Chinese people at the airport as â€Å"ghosts†. This story shows the division of people in their races. In the last chapter - â€Å"A Song for a Barbarian Reed Pipe†, the writer talks of the cutting of the tongue so that she could speak any language. This gives her advantage to suite in any community and overcome any challenges. Ghosts, in the â€Å"Warrior Woman†, refer to both Americans and Chinese, people and animals, whether living or dead. The important facet of the ghosts is that they change depending on the point of view. Across the novel, the writer tries to put across the importance of women in the society, how they are neglected and the many challenges they face in the

What would you consider to be purchasings added value to company What Essay

What would you consider to be purchasings added value to company What would you consider to be purchasings core and non-core activities - Essay Example review the strategic frameworks of values added by purchasing in order to somehow provide a conceptual paradigm of factors influencing value added by the purchasing professionals. When companies spot out the considerable percentage of their budget affected by the outcomes of purchasing, the significant prospective benefits from putting into effect purchasing management, and the reality that purchasing management processes and outcomes utilize and affect the entire company, they frequently start to change their perspective of the purchasing role from that of a strategic support group to a tactical potential. The initial step companies frequently adopt toward a value-added approach to purchasing management activities is to set up quantifiable, corporate-wide purchasing management objectives that head straightforwardly to high-level corporate objectives. These objectives may emerge from benchmarking practices, internal audit, or evaluations carried out by an external consultant (Leftwich 2004). The metrics applied to monitor progress toward achieving these value-added purchasing management objectives are outcome-based, such as â€Å"total cost reduction, supplier quality improvements, or number of preferred suppliers rather than function-, process-, or tool-based metrics† (Leftwich 2004, 112) that are entirely inherent to the purchasing responsibility, such as the quantity of agreements and/or purchase orders processed annually or quantity of electronic orders. Nevertheless, only setting up objectives and determining parallel metrics alone is insufficient to jumpstart the shift to a strategic or value-based paradigm to purchasing management. The companies that have been most effective and successful in putting into effect paramount purchasing management practices also allocate tasks and liabilities for achieving the purchasing management goals, starting with high-level corporate purchasing management stakeholders (Lewis 1993). As a final step toward implementing

Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Article review - Essay Example Students with different forms of disabilities present similar characteristics on the factors explored. According to the findings of the article, children with special needs have lesser and poorer social relations as compared to those with no special needs. The option of regular education for students with special needs is in this case beneficial. In essence, these students can interrelate with those without special needs to enhance positive social interrelations. However, it does not automatically mean a fruitful social interaction, since it always depends on how naturally social a person is, and the way they settle into their class setting. The information from the article is applicable in a class setting. From the article, I learned that it is necessary to instruct students with special needs in an inclusive classroom and provide opportunities for social interactions. They should not be secluded and taught or treated differently. There are increased social opportunities for special needs students in an inclusive class setting, but there is always a need to understand the individual characteristics of each student so that negative outcomes from introverts, such as loneliness, do not