Higher Certificate Golf Management Graded Unit Case Study Essay

Higher Certificate Golf Management Graded Unit Case Study - Essay Example ublished rules: golfing matches and their popularity were still played using all manner of improvised equipments, on public lands with bets becoming a salient feature. It was not uncommon for the matches to be followed by festive group drinking and unrestrained celebratory outcomes on the course. Thus the character of golf remained without significant impact that the rules were meant to bring. In 1783 a significant transformation nonetheless appeared to change the face of golf. A reference to etiquette for the very first time in history, â€Å"While a stroke is playing none of the party shall walk about, by speaking or otherwise† (The rules of golf,1783),was inserted by the Society of golfers even though other existing clubs such as St Andrews, Leith, Bruntsfield and Crail not doing so. By 1810 the Glascow Golf Club took it a notch higher by expanding the etiquette code through stating that, â€Å"Every member who is a player, that is who has played twice during the season, shall make a match on the day when the club is played for, and play for it under the penalty of a bottle of rum (The rules of Golf, 1810).Slowly golf was transforming in perceptions of manners and was as a result getting socially perceived as a sport for social improvement. Following, rules were made that in the same lines of etiquette that demanded attendants to keep quiet, to walk after the p layers and refrain from removing objects from the course. These rules were to be adopted by other clubs as time went by, even though some other clubs not mentioning about behavior in their respective rules until the late 19th century when the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews instituted a unifying code (Wallenfeldt,:83). (b)The earliest playing instrument was known as Scottish Cleek, a long wooden club. The ball was known as the feather ball. In 1842 appeared the forerunner known as the gutta-perch ball which was impervious to rain and damp thus it extended the playing seasons from dry cold months to

Hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hinduism - Essay Example Hindu system characterizes an evolution of a higher form through a number of convictions derived from other religions or philosophies that reflect similar school of thoughts. Thus, its progress from within the original culture to the mainstream almost any type of believer may access though without obligations of adherence comes from being sensible to a ‘faith’ that tends to converge to mutual discernment of a single god yet not abolishing the probability that deities established by other profound concepts with historical basis may exist as well. Why is Hinduism so useful and attractive in the quest for higher consciousness? Hinduism becomes all the more attractive and beneficial in achieving higher degree of consciousness due primarily to the religious practices taught to be carried out with deep solemnity and reverence besides customary treatment. To the awareness of majority including non-believers, the Hindu approach of seeking spiritual enlightenment such as the esse nce found in ‘karma’ and ‘samsara’ or the continuum manifested in the cycle of action, reaction, birth, death, and rebirth meditatively educates and refreshes an individual.

Terry Fox Video Response Journal Essay Example for Free

Terry Fox Video Response Journal Essay After watching the video and discovering a little more about Terry Fox with the guest speaker and all, it has reminded me once again about Terrys courageous achievement. For many years, ever since I came to Canada, I learned about Terry Fox, ran the Terry Fox Run, Terry Fox fundraising for Cancer Research, watched videos about Terry during assemblies, and have discussed about Terrys bravery; each time I hear about him, he never ceases to make me look back at myself and think, If Terry can run the Marathon of Hope with an amputated leg, what can anything else stop me from achieving my goals? Terry was a normal teenager just like me, my peers, and anybody else, but the little something that made him special was his courage to actually do something about what he eventually came across. He knew what he went through, he felt what cancer was, and he knew that he wanted to do the best he can do to lessen the suffering for children that were going through the same pain as he did. And so, he made a difference. Every year, as I hear about Terry and his big accomplishments, it makes me think that really, it does not take much to achieve your goals as long as you have the courage and bravery to do it. Terry really showed that when you have the motivation and mind set to do something, you really should do it, because everything really comes from your heart; nothing more is needed. His actions always makes me feel that I have to be brave, be proactive, and go for my goals when there is something that I really want to accomplish. Often times, I do not have enough bravery to just do it or I become lazy and I have indeed failed to accomplish my goals multiple times, but Terry really brings me back up that I should keep trying and never give up. If Terry can run across Canada with an amputated leg, why would anything keep me from achieving my goals, when my goal will probably be less of a big deal than running all the way across Canada? In my family, my dads father has had cancer and is now passed away. He once used to be an active, lively person who liked going fishing, playing with his friends, and going cycling. But in 2010 January when I last visited him in Korea, there I saw him, lying in the hospital bed, paralyzed by the effects of cancer. His face had gone yellow, his flesh was no longer in a condition of circulating blood, he had lost almost all parts of body fat, and his cheeks were almost about to touch the other side of his mouth that I could barely see any sort of fat on his face. The cancer had had totally distorted him. This was the worst day of my life, and it was the day when I realized that cancer was one of the most deadliest, and destructive sickness to have. But hearing that Terry Fox had fought this cancer the first time he got it, really makes me realize, how hard he must have tried to fight it. Cancer is such a stubborn disease to demolish, and at last Terry could not handle its powerful strikes in his body. But even being able to fight it the first time he got it is needless to say- brave. I really admire and respect how Terry took action on what he faced, because when I saw my grandfather not being able to do what he wanted to do was a painful thing to watch, and Terry really cared and showed what he could do for the Canadians who were fighting cancer, and for cancer research. Although I wont be running across Canada or anything big like Terry, but, when I set my goals, I will definitely look up to what Terry did: setting specific goals, train and prepare for my goal, and really plan out my goal of what I am willing to accomplish!

Poet, Lover, Birdwatcher

Poet, Lover, Birdwatcher The poem Poet, lover, birdwatcher displays Ezekiels views on poets problems. Poet, Lover, Birdwatcher is one of the better known poems of Ezekiel and has received considerable critical attention. The message of them poem is clear, The best poets wait for words: the best poets began to write poetry only when they are truly inspired. It epitomizes the poets search for a poetics which would help him redeem himself in his eyes and in the eyes of god. Parallelism is drawn between the poet, the lover and the birdwatcher. All the three have to wait patiently in their respective pursuits, indeed their waiting is a sort of strategy. Ezekiel attempts to define the poem in terms of a lover and the birdwatcher. There is a close resemblance among them in search for love, bird and word. All the three became one in spirit, and Ezekiel expresses this in imagery noted for its precision and decorum: The hunts is not an exercise of will But patient love relaxing on a hill To note the movement of a timid wing There is no action, no exercise of will in the three cases, but patient waiting is itself strategy, a kind of planned action to reach the goal. The hunt is search for birds or the desire to win a womens heart. Patient love relaxing on hill is to assume an attitude of patience and relaxation while watching birds or women. A timid wing is a transferred epithet where the idea of a bird being timid is suggested. Until the one who knows that she is loved is for the man to wait for the woman to respond to his love out of her own accord, and should not force him upon her. In this poem poet finds his moral proved, who never spoke before his spirit moved. The first section opens with a reference to pace which is taken up in the second section by slow movement. The lines weave in and out of the three fields and emerge as single morals learnt. The first stanza refers to physical love and suggests how to win women. Women are treated as birds of prey. Making love is like the experience of hunting. Right weapons are to be chosen like appropriate words used by the poet. The lover manipulates the situation in such a manner that the women cannot resist but surrender at the cost of being blamed. The second stanza stresses the fact that slow movement is good. One has to go to remote place just as one has to discover love in a remote place like the hearts dark floor. It is there, that women look something more than their body, and that they appear like myths of light. And the poet, in zigzag movements, yet with a sense of musical gladness, manages to combine sense and sound. At the end of his wait, the poetic word appears in the concrete and sensuous form of a woman, who knows that she is loved and who surrenders to her lover at once. In this process, poetry and love, word and woman become intertwined. But this slow movement of love and poetry which shows no irritable haste to arrive at meaning does not come by easily. In order to possess the vision of the rarer birds of his psyche, the poet has to go through the deserted lanes of his solitary, private life; he has to walk along the primal rivers of his consciousness in silence, or travel to a far off shore which is like the hearts dark floor. The poet, then, gloats on the slow curving movements of the women, both for the sake of their sensuousness and the insight they bring. All three are hunters, we are told: ironically none are going to devour what they succeed to hunt. The poem conducts a lesson through comparisons between the three poets, lover and birdwatcher. Poet is placed first in the title and in the poem he comes last. The differentiated placement is suggestive of who is learning and who becomes a lesson. Lover and birdwatcher are illustrative cases for the poet to learn the craft of poetry. The last two lines of both the sections indicate that the moral to be learnt is for the poet. The poem is well-structured poem in two regular stanzas having the rhyme pattern a b b a a c d c d d in each of them. It has a casual, conversational opening with a direct address to the poets, urging them to patiently wait for words as does a birdwatcher for birds and a lover for his ladylove. The idea of labour and hard-work is implied here with regard to a bird watcher in search of rare birds and to a poet in search of the right words. And there the women slowly turn around, not only flesh and bone but myths of light: Only after undergoing an arduous journey may the lover get some response from the woman. The woman then becomes for him not just a being of flesh and blood, but appears as a radiant spirit which is not so much real, but mythical and imaginary. She is no longer a mere physical presence. The poet has thus glorified love as well as the woman who eventually responds to a mans love.

Dragons In America :: essays research papers

Dragons in America   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Monsters or dragons in present day America are feared .Monsters in America consist of politicians, celebrities, and criminals. In America they are portrayed through media, television, and movies. Monsters in America are feared but can also be seen as a source of entertainment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Media and entertainment create most of the fear in Americans. In the news we hear of shooting, killings, and rapes everyday. The media always gives a very in depth look a each incident to satisfy the audiences every wonder. Entertainment on the other hand enhances these modern day monsters in movies and television. Movies about serial killers such as â€Å"Natural Born Killers†, â€Å"Seven† â€Å" The Stand†, and â€Å"Silence of the Lambs† strike fear in to the hearts of millions of Americans all too often. This creates people to fear monsters in reality more than ever because Hollywood makes monsters as scary as possible. The television is another source of violence in the world. It seems that every shows on TV has to do with some kind of terrible murder. Shows like â€Å"New York Undercover† always end up with a seen where someone is shot to death. This makes the viewer perceive society as a place too dangerous to live in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A very obvious monster in America is a criminal. Americans fear burglars, rapists, and killers in their own cities and states. They are feared because their victims are people like themselves and are victimized in very familiar places to the average American. That is why people protect themselves with security systems and weapons. Criminals are feared mainly because their victims are random. People never feel completely safe knowing that they may be the next victim.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Besides fear of monsters that pose physical threats, there are monsters in politics that scare people as well. Corrupt politicians are feared because of past and foreign politicians that have caused unfair, and painful treatment of the people they represent. That is why all candidates for office are thoroughly examined to make sure that they can be trusted. And every time a politician makes a mistake or something negative is said about him or her people panic and fear that the person that represent them could end up harming them instead of representing them in their best interest. Incidents in the past that have caused great turmoil in politics is Watergate, and Communism in foreign countries such as Germany and Russia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some celebrities scare Americans because they are seen as hero's or idols in the films, or events they are in. O.J. Simpson is a monster because he was a legend and a hero of all football fans.

Changes Since The Sixties Essays -- essays research papers

There were no time guzzling metal detectors at the airports... or the schools. There were no grouchy warning labels on the records and no ratings necessary on the movies. And TV shows were acceptable to the whole family. Those were the sixties or at least part of it. Some of the 52 million sixties’ boomers called it the decade of peace, harmony and love mainly for the movement for peace and the â€Å"flower power† attitude. Others, a little more pessimistic, called it the decade of dissatisfaction because of the protests against the war and the race riots in many cities. For the teenagers it was the decade of sweet sounding, good-time rock ‘n’ roll†¦from the Beatles to the Kinks and many more in between. Still for others it was filled with totally far out acid trips and creative boom. All in all it was a progressive decade from the race to the moon to the introduction of the first McDonalds Big Mac to the assassination of JFK. Although life has change d since the sixties, music, fads, and pop culture of that time has begun to resurface in our youths lives. During the sixties, film was changed forever. Throughout this era effective and continual advancements took place so the film industry is not that different from today. But that doesn’t mean there weren’t ANY changes. â€Å"Cinema in the sixties reflected the decade of fun, fashion and tremendous social change†(Tim Dirks 2). However today’s themes can range anywhere from drugs to green ogres. Amid the sixties the film industry was at...

Most recently computers Essay

Art is indefinable because of its constant evolution. This evolution has taken place because art inherently has an aspect of human contribution and, therefore, is subject to progression in ways as numerous as its very creator’s changes. There are two main reasons that illustrate the fact that art is indefinable. These reasons are that art has a changing role in society, and that the various production methods of art endlessly transform. The first of the reasons is crucial because it shows that art, as a result of the human artist, will necessarily change when its human maker changes. This is what allows for art to have a specific time setting in which it will have a particular meaning and importance. Thus, because of the infusion of an artist into their art, the piece will in some degree convey a glimpse of a changing social environment. This environment may never be relevant again after that specific point in time, indirectly illustrating history and change. The second reason for illustration again focuses on how the involvement of procedural evolution does not allow for the permanent defining of art, in this case in regards to the applied art production methods. Most recently computers have revolutionized some forms of art. It has also created a new movement through the application of technology in new and unique ways to the creation process. If art had been permanently defined prior to this new use of computers it would have stifled what has become a new and exciting branch of art, and as a consequence could have limited future productions from unimagined advancements. An inflexible and permanent definition of art as a result of the aforementioned reasons is detrimental to the progression of art that is crucial to its very continuance. And as a result of this constant evolution art is indefinable.

Black people in the USA in 1945 Essay

Blacks in the USA in 1945 were not considered as equal; the treatment of people was based on their skin colour, a practice that had been going on for many years before, even after the Reconstruction of society after the Civil War in which the blacks were â€Å"liberated† from slavery. In theory, blacks were free to work and live where they wanted, but the figures at the time told a different story: by 1960, around 17% of the workforce of â€Å"white-collar† workers, i.e. professional, technical, administration, etc., were blacks, while the whites remained the majority at 47%. The â€Å"blue-collar† work, such as craftsmen, manual labourers, etc. – jobs that are renowned for needing less skill and education – had 40% of the workforce as blacks, and 36% were whites. Blacks just weren’t provided the education and qualifications to do the professional types of work due to separation of black and white facilities. Not only were they held back at g etting the higher-class jobs, they were paid less for the same work that whites did; in 1950, blacks earned about 53% of a whites wage. This figure remained the same over the next 20 years, with it rising 11% to blacks earning 64% of a whites wage. All over the USA, blacks were discriminated against in almost all areas of life, whether it is the law of the state, or just by the custom of the local society. After the abolishment of slavery, slaves had the choice of moving away from their former homes and having their own lives; unfortunately, many blacks didn’t have any money to move halfway across the USA to the northern states that had fought to free them. Those who did have the finance to travel rarely had enough money afterwards to sustain a good quality of life after they had moved. The custom of de facto came into play in some of the Northern states; ghettos and places where the majority of the population were black sprung up in towns and cities. Segregation by custom in the North was contrasted with segregation by law, or de jure, in the South- Jim Crow laws forbade blacks, for example, to enter white facilities, or sit on buses with whites, etc. Places where de facto was in force came up with other ways to separate blacks from whites to keep the Southern order of things; â€Å"red lining† was when banks were not allowed to give money for mortgages if they suspected it would be a risky investment- if a black family moved into a certain area, it would lower the prices of the surrounding houses. This  meant that places such as ghettos were built up, when the majority of the population were black. This type of segregation wasn’t by law, but by custom, blacks weren’t forced to live in â€Å"black† areas, but they felt pressured to live in certain places because of the practises such as red lining in effect. Although it is in the Constitution that everyone is equal and has the same civil rights, it is beliefs like red lining that push a wedge between races; it may not seem constitutional, but it is up to the Supreme Court in the USA to decide what is constitutional. They decided that slavery was lawful mainly due the fact that the Southern states economy was based on slavery; they were needed to produce cotton, the main export in the 19th century. Without them, the economy would have fallen apart. After the 13th amendment to the Constitution, slavery was no longer legal, but the Supreme Court still remained to overlook state laws that continued discrimination and practices that could be seen as worse then slavery- for example, the Ku Klux Klan were allowed to terrorise and lynch blacks, yet lynching was not made illegal. â€Å"The Supreme Court declared that the 14th amendment forbids states, but not citizens, from discriminating† (1) Separate facilities for blacks and whites were considered as the solution to the discrimination problem; the Supreme Court believed that the blacks were â€Å"separate but equal† when they were forced to use different buildings, transport, schools and hospitals then the whites. Since the Supreme Court approved laws and could declare them unconstitutional if they wanted to, they were the ones who the blacks has to convince if they wanted to change anything; in legal cases, the trial had to be taken to the Supreme Court to have any impact, since the State Courts were always going to be in favour of the Jim Crow laws. The Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) case was when Homer Plessy refused to sit in the â€Å"coloured† car of a train and sat in the â€Å"white† section instead. The case went to Supreme Court, and they ruled that Plessy was guilty and sentenced him to pay a fine or go to jail. This was considered the most shameful ruling of the Supreme Court in history; it shows the extent of the discrimination against blacks, even after slavery was abolished- even though Plessy was 1/8 black and 7/8 white, he was still considered as black in the eyes of the Louisiana law. Although many people thought that this ruling was  shocking, there wasn’t much that could be done, since they did not have a definite leader to show them what the do; everything that the movement did was relatively unorganised, with maybe one person leading the others. People such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Booker T. Washington tried to unite blacks under one leadership, but it did not work, because everyone has different opinion on what should be done about the discrimination problem. Dr Martin King Jr. was a black leader that advocated peaceful resistance; because of this, many whites accepted him because they knew that he would not cause violence, but blacks did not like this as peaceful protest could only take them so far- they felt that King was weaker then some of the other extremist black leaders, such as Malcolm X. King’s approach to fighting against their oppression wasn’t enough to keep the blacks following him; they preferred people who were willing to do more for the benefit of all blacks. Another leader who was thought as weak by fellow blacks was Booker T. Washington; he was accused of being an accommodationist to the whites, as he wasn’t campaigning for equal civil rights, he was concentrating on equal job opportunities- this wasn’t what the blacks were fighting for; they wanted to be free to do what the whites could do, not only in jobs but in other aspects of life too. The leaders of the movement were not united, therefore they were not strong- many leaders were critical of others, for example, W.E.B DuBois criticised Washington, saying that blacks cannot get social equality if they do not get political equality first. The New Deal is a phrase used to explain the actions taken after Black Tuesday when the US Stock market crashed to stop the effects of the Depression disturbing the lives of the public. Laws were passed to help stop the consequences of the Depression becoming a long-term problem; within the first hundred days, President Roosevelt passed a law that lowered worker’s salaries and pensions by up to 15%- a move that people did not like, yet it saved a lot of money for the government. Another act was passed that stated that the government could inspect banks before letting them open again so they could see if the bank was eligible to lend and hold money. This prevented banks lending out money that they did not have, therefore they did not losing money for their customers and wouldn’t have to close, as they  would have to have done if they did lend out money they didn’t have. The New Deal was produced so the government could help all of those that were affected by the Depression; this helped the blacks because they were some of the poorest people in the USA at the time, and as many as 8% of blacks were unemployed in 1955. For the blacks, the New Deal slightly improved their way of living as it was designed to help everyone without discrimination. Soon after New Deal was set up, the situation for blacks was improved socially by the outbreak of the Second World War. When the Americans were brought into the war, they needed as many men as they could to fight; blacks had regiments where they could join and be equal to whites, but they still were not allowed to belong to the same regiment as the whites- there were some who did, but they were rare, they normally belonged to an all-black regiment. At the end of the war, the blacks got more ambitious; they were allowed to fight for their country, but America wasn’t even grateful enough of them to let them be equal. This would have enraged African Americans since they had fought so hard to be a part of America, so the Civil Rights movement activity increased, which put pressure on the government to do something. The Nazi ideology also pushed the government into action, because what the Americans were doing to the blacks could be compared to the Germans discriminating against the Jews in Germany; the blacks realised this, so demanded equality, as they didn’t want the same to happen to them . In conclusion, the position of blacks in 1945 was not equal to whites: even after a century of supposed â€Å"freedom† from slavery, blacks were still treated as inferiors to whites. Laws and acts were in effect that encouraged the discrimination of blacks. Amendments such as the rights for blacks to vote and the rights for them to be equal were passed, but there were so many other laws that cancelled them out. Jim Crow laws in the South and practises such as â€Å"red lining† in the North made it impossible for blacks to be seen as equal politically, whilst rebellions by extremist whites and groups such as the Ku Klux Klan stopped blacks gaining any social standing or equality. Blacks were supposed to be equal, but by 1945, some may comment that the position of them was worse then slavery, as the blacks were on their own in  there poverty and discrimination; before, they had their slave owners who would clothe and feed them to keep productive workers- they would never be out on the streets as slaves, but as â€Å"free† people, they received basically no help. Things that whites took for granted, such as clean and good-quality facilities, and jobs that are fair and just are things that blacks counted themselves lucky if they managed to get any equality. People like Martin Luther King Jr. and W.E.B. DuBois tried to get equality, both through violence and peaceful means, but it didn’t have much effect to the political and social standing of blacks. The discrimination of blacks continued right into the 20th century, even up into the 21st century. It was slow going for the blacks’ right to equality, but actions by both blacks and whites ch anged things for the better. However, in 1945, blacks were not considered as equal, but as 3/5s of a human being. Bibliography: (1) http://www.alternativeinsight.com/Reparations-Slavery.html Field, Ron; â€Å"Civil Rights in America 1865-1980†; Cambridge University Press http://www.lawbuzz.com/can_you/plessy/plessy.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Deal

Sustainability Practices In The Turkish Construction Sector Environmental Sciences Essay

Abstract. The Turkish building services bunch is the thirteenth largest in the universe in footings of exports and has demonstrated really high growing of 63 % in international projects. Katsarakis et Al ( 2007 ) split this bunch into two parts and call them as the lower-quality domestic-only set of houses and the higher choice international houses. On the domestic side, there are more than 30,000 active local houses ( TCA, 2009 ) . On the international houses ‘ side, there are over 140 houses, 23 of which are among the 225 largest building companies worldwide in footings of abroad activities per ENR 2008 listing. This degree of activity, peculiarly the international activity, places upon the Turkish building bunch a duty to guarantee good working conditions for all its employees and to play a polar function in continuing the environment, extenuating bing polluted countries, salvaging natural resources such as H2O, energy and natural stuffs. This paper examines, through a liter ature survey, the current degree of sustainability apprehension in the Turkish building sector. The survey concludes that the degree of sustainability apprehension and hence its execution is unstructured, bit-by-bit, and inappropriate for the prima regional function that the Turkish building bunch will play. The paper concludes that a more holistic attack is required, which will necessitate political policy and larning from best pattern from other states and immensely increased instruction and preparation in the constructs of sustainability. Keywords: Construction bunch, policy, scheme, Sustainability, Turkey 1. Introduction Sustainability is more and more going a cardinal concern of every person. It is a concern that has grown out of a wider acknowledgment that lifting populations and economic development are endangering a progressive debasement of the Earth ‘s resources per CIOB ( 2009 ) . The building, care and usage of edifices have significant impact on our environment and are presently lending significantly to irreversible alterations in the universe ‘s clime, atmosphere and ecosystem. Endeavoring for sustainability is a uninterrupted procedure of alteration. The building industry is confronting ever-increasing demands to better its sustainability public presentation. Sustainable development applies at the political and macro economic degree to communities. The clients and stakeholders of the building industry demand betterments of its patterns and its public image. Karacay ( 2003 ) stated that the epoch of â€Å" more production-more ingestion † is over and a great trade of accent should be to sustainability for uninterrupted sustainable economical growing and development. Sustainable building is a manner for the building industry to travel towards accomplishing sustainable development, taking into history environmental, socio-economic and cultural issues. Specifically, it involves issues such as design and direction of edifices, stuffs and edifice public presentation, energy and resource ingestion – within the larger orbit of urban development and direction. In this paper, sustainability of the substructure undertakings will be concentrated on. Recent publications related to sustainable building in the context of Private Finance Initiative ( PFI ) route undertakings ( AkbA ±yA ±klA ± & A ; Eaton, ( 2009a and B ) ) and sustainable substructure developments in the instance of Public-Private Partnership ( PPP ) ( Eaton & A ; AkbA ±yA ±klA ± , ( 2008 ) ) are available. 2. Sustainability Sustainability, as stated by Werbach ( 2009 ) , is more than â€Å" green † ; it is concern agencies, above all, guaranting that the concern thrives in the long term and takes into history every dimension of the concern environment. Sustainability is the concern with long-run profitableness. Sustainability needs a scheme behind that includes all the supply concatenation, top direction engagement and support ; and it relates all the concern organisation. We are in an epoch that the Nature and the equilibrium in the Nature that will govern and regulate the developments in our industry. We will be concerned more than of all time in the value adding in the building concern that will be a combination between sustainability ( societal, economic, environmental and cultural ) , efficiency and effectivity. In Werbach ‘s ( 2009 ) words, â€Å" Until the 1980 ‘s concern leaders used the word sustainability to intend a company ‘s ability to increase its net incomes stea dily ( Werbach, 2009 ) . Sustainability represents the best technology attack of all – the acknowledgment that no undertaking exists in a vacuity, but in a societal and natural context that affects the undertaking and is affected by it in bend. If we take this holistic position of technology, which involves esteeming the natural and human environment in the design, building and operation of our undertakings, we find distinguishable benefits in footings of quality, proficient inventions, and long-run societal, economic and environmental returns ( Tanal ( 2004 ) ) . Harmonizing to Werbach ( 2009 ) , a sustainable concern means a concern that can boom in the long term. Brundtland Report ( 1987 ) , besides known as Our Common Future, alerted the universe to the urgency of doing advancement toward economic development that could be sustained without consuming natural resources or harming the environment. The study was published by an international group of politicians, civil retainers and experts on the environment and development, and provided a cardinal statement on sustainable development specifying it as â€Å" development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands † . The study besides suggested that equity, growing and environmental care are at the same time possible and that each state is capable of accomplishing its full economic potency whilst at the same clip heightening its resource base. Furthermore, in the same survey it is reported that accomplishing the equity and sustainable growing would necessitate technological and societal alteration. In stead to this fact, Sage ( 1998 ) stated that sustainability necessitates the development of enlightened establishments and substructure and appropriate direction of hazards, uncertainnesss, and knowledge imperfectnesss to guarantee intergenerational equity, intergenerational equity, and preservation of the ability of Earth ‘s natural systems to function world. As defined by Chaharbaghi & A ; Willis ( 1999 ) and presented in a study on sustainability by FIEC ( 2005 ) , sustainable development is a construct based on a construction which stands on 3 pillars, viz. economic, societal and environmental. This inter-related model is shown in Figure 1. Fig. 1. Three pillars of sustainability ( Chaharbaghi & A ; Willis ( 1999 ) in â€Å" Managing Knowledge in the Context of Sustainable Construction † ITcon Vol. 11 ( 2006 ) ) 3. The building industry and sustainability Sustainable building can be defined as a building procedure which incorporates the basic subjects of sustainable development ( Parkin ( 2000 ) , Chaharbaghi & A ; Willis ( 1999 ) , Sage ( 1998 ) ) . Such building procedures would therefore convey environmental duty, societal consciousness, and economic profitableness aims to the bow in the reinforced environment and installations for the wider community ( Langston & A ; Ding ( 2001 ) , Miyatake ( 1996 ) , Raynsford ( 2000 ) ) . Companies are the cardinal elements of modern economic life and they have an of import function in conveying about the alterations needed for sustainable development. Harmonizing to Wilson ( 2003 ) â€Å" corporate sustainability is a concern attack that creates long term stockholder value by encompassing chances and pull offing hazards deducing from economic, environmental and societal developments. While corporate sustainability recognizes that corporate growing and profitableness are of import ; it besides requires the corporation to prosecute social ends, specifically those associating to sustainable development such as environmental protection, societal justness and equity and economic development † . Werbach ( 2009 ) argues that, if imagined and implemented to the full, sustainability drives a bottom-line scheme to salvage costs, a top-line scheme to make a new consumer base, and a endowment scheme to acquire, maintain, and develop originative employees. The three pillars or as named by Fiksel ( 2001 ) , the â€Å" ternary underside line † , economic prosperity and chance societal equity and quality of life and ecological resource saving represents sustainability as an organisational committedness to accomplishing competitory advantage through the strategic acceptance and development of ecologically and socially supportive production procedures, merchandises and services and advanced human resource direction patterns. ( Dunphy et al ( 2003 ) ) . For those organisations prosecuting sustainability, it is cardinal to their corporate schemes and a critical ingredient in how they assess their effectivity. A survey by Dunphy ( 2004 ) states that â€Å" sustainability consequences from activities which extend the socially utile life of organisations, heighten the planet ‘s ability to keep and regenerate the viability of the biosphere and protect all life species, enhance society ‘s ability to keep itself and to work out its major jobs, keep a nice degree of public assistance for present and future coevalss of humanity † The building industry and the reinforced environment must be counted as two of the cardinal countries required to achieve a sustainable development in societies. It is a widely known fact that, the edifices are responsible for over 40 % of all the waste produced in the European Union. In developing and passage economic systems, building has a immense part to the Gross National Product ( GDP ) ; but this has to be done in a more sustainable mode while bettering the quality of life and making wealth. However, sustainable building adopts different precedences in different states. There are widely different positions and readings between developed and passage and developing states. The developed economic systems are in a place to give more attending to making a more sustainable constructing stock by upgrading, by new developments or the usage of new advanced engineerings. All public procurance should be made consistent with authorities policies for presenting sustainable development, most notably in footings of waste minimisation, H2O efficiency, community regeneration and societal inclusion. In that sense, Private Finance Initiative ( PFI ) as an advanced procurance path can play a cardinal function within the industry due to the graduated table of investing involved ; the greater easiness of act uponing the little figure of histrions involved ; and the manner in which PFI contracts secure the long-run battle of contractors. However, sustainability considerations are non sufficiently embedded in the PFI procedure to guarantee consistent bringing, and success is extremely reliant on the motive and expertness of single public sector clients and private contractors ( Green Alliance ( 2004 ) ) . Sustainability within the building industry has no clearly settled definition and no settled organic structure of bing pattern and procedures. The industry has to understand what sustainability is in its context and concentrate on creative activity, prolonging and airing of cognition for sustainable building across the multiple interest holders involved in building undertakings ( Shelbourn et al. , 2006 ) . Many building companies in the UK follow the authorities ‘s aim for sustainable development which is economic growing and prosperity, effectual protection of the environment, careful usage of natural resources ( natural resource protection and environmental sweetening ) and societal advancement. The UK authorities has produced enterprises to title-holder sustainability within the building industry to accomplish sustainable development marks. Recent research plans such as ‘Partners in Innovation ( PiI ) ‘ ( Shelbourn et al, ( 2006 ) ) and others have been funded to back up sustainability within the building industry ( Raynsford ( 2000 ) ) . The ‘Government Construction Clients Panel ‘ ( dwelling of representatives with duty for procurance for most authorities organic structures ) besides has a mark to accomplish sustainability in each undertaking. This enables the authorities to take a prima function, and showcase good pattern in advancing sustainable building ( DEFRA, ( 2004 ) ) . It is the writers ‘ contention that, every company in the building concern must hold a sustainability policy which will be developed and communicated within the organisation. Those policies can be Sustainability Policy, Environmental Policy, Health and Safety Policy and Sustainable Procurement Policy. The policy and rules of sustainability creates a sustainable development which is supported by a sound sustainability scheme. The purpose of such schemes is to develop a common apprehension of the sustainability issues and present effectual and targeted attacks for each stakeholder to lend to accomplishing a more sustainable building industry. In order to recognize all these policies and scheme it is perfectly necessary to hold a Board and Advisory Committee within the organisation that supports and commits to sustainability as a scheme and acts as a nexus between office and operational activities at site degree. Having set these marks fiting with the Government ‘s sustainab le development, building houses must put specific one-year marks for each concern unit and each building undertaking as a whole. After that each house must besides put for his undertakings and company a sustainability appraisal standard which is linked to marks and Key Performance Indicators ( KPI ‘s ) aligned with the concern scheme of the house. These are meant to be some sporadic thoughts from the writers to the building houses that are likely to follow in execution of Sustainability Policy and Strategy in their organisations. The experiences from some taking UK building companies have shown that there are strong concern benefits for more sustainable building. As a successful instance â€Å" Early Solutions Together – Eastern time † programme of Morgan-Est ( Part of Morgan Sindall ) and â€Å" Making Tomorrow a Better Topographic point † programme of Carillion can be named as two good illustrations of sustainable thought and execution in the UK building industry ( Morgan-Est, 2009 ; Carillion, 2009 ) . Carillion is winner of its category – Best Green Company in the UK for medium to big houses Awards in 2008 and Morgan-Est is the victor of Green Apple Award for Environmental Best Practice. This is besides demonstrated through research carried out by Sustainable Construction Task Group ( BRE ( 2001 ) , which concluded that there are clear advantages to be gained, but merely if sustainability is portion of a long-run concern program. This is reinforced by the Building Research Esta blishment, where research has concluded that â€Å" aˆÂ ¦being sustainable is every bit much about efficient profit-orientated pattern and value for money as it is about assisting the environmentaˆÂ ¦ † ( BRE Report ( 2002 ) ) . Such consequences have given the building industry an improved consciousness of sustainability issues. In 1999, around 150 quality of life indexs were produced to better the wellbeing of UK citizens ( Audit Commission ( 2002 ) ) . The industry has begun to acknowledge that monitoring and coverage on sustainability is a critical portion of their concern. Cardinal Performance Indicators, Environmental Performance Indicators, and the acceptance of benchmarking have become progressively common topographic point, and many companies are now bring forthing environmental and sustainability studies, with corporate societal duty going common pattern ( Movement for Innovation, ( 2000 ) , CIRIA ( 2001, 2006 ) . Sing building in developing states, Ofori ( 2007 ) states that, an organized action should be taken to guarantee that the high volume of building that will be undertaken in the development states in the procedure of urbanisation in the ways that are socially and ecologically impact of building. He stresses that this will necessitate a wide duologue between authoritiess, building industry, academe and NGO ‘s at national and international degrees towards the development and execution programs for sustainable building. 4. Turkish building services bunch Harmonizing to Katsarakis et Al ( 2007 ) , the building services bunch in Turkey is the thirteenth largest in footings of exports and has demonstrated a compound one-year growing rate ( CAGR ) of 63 % for the period of 2002 – 2006 in international projects. While the building services bunch represents merely the 6 % of Turkey ‘s gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) , together with all complementary and related industries, it still accounts for 30 % of GDP harmonizing to the TCA ( 2009 ) records. Construction plays a important function in Turkey ‘s economic system using about 1.4 million people which is about 5.5 % of Turkey ‘s entire employment. Turkish building sector is chiefly composed of Small and Medium Enterprises. This composing is really similar to the European building sector. The building sector is chiefly a domestic sector and merely 4 % is international building. The European building industry excessively is composed of about 97 % of SME ‘s. The bunch is divided into two groups: the lower-quality domestic-only set of houses and the higher choice international houses by Katsarakis et Al ( 2007 ) . These two groups portion some but non all bunch participants. On the domestic side, there are more than 30,000 active local houses. On the international side, there are over 140 houses registered to the Turkish Contractors Association, 23 of which are among the 225 largest building companies worldwide in footings of abroad activities ( ENR, Engineering News records ( 2008 ) ) . Harmonizing to a study on the web site of TCA about the Turkish Contracting in the International Market, â€Å" in the last 36 old ages, u p until the terminal of 2008, Turkish Contractors have undertaken about 5,000 undertakings in 70 states, with a combined value of some 130 billion USD. Turkey ranks among the top 12 manufacturers of edifice stuffs in the universe, with such merchandises as cement, glass, steel and ceramic tiles taking a prima function. † Further detailed information is provided in a publication by Yapi Endustri Merkezi ( 2007 ) as follows sing the services of the building and the related industries, Turkey is the 11th largest manufacturer of steel in the universe and third-largest in Europe. Turkey ranks 6th in Europe and 15th in the universe in the production of articles of steel. Turkey is the universe ‘s richest state in marble, with a 40 per centum portion of entire planetary militias. Turkey is the universe ‘s 5th and 4th largest manufacturer of ceramic tiles and ceramic healthful ware, severally. Turkey is among the top glass makers of the universe. Turkey is the 6th largest manufacturer of pigments in Europe. Turkey is the 3rd largest manufacturer of plastic doors and Windowss in Europe. There are 200 major technology confer withing companies in Turkey which are supplying 65 % of the proficient consultancy services realized in Turkey and 90 % of the consultancy services required by the Turkish houses abroad, harmonizing to the records of Association of Turkish Consulting Engineers and Architects ( ATCEA ) presented at their web site. Their one-year turnover is about $ 350 million, and they employ about 5,000 people. 5. Turkey ‘s place on sustainable development Business involvement in corporate sustainability is turning in Turkey. Nemli ( 2009 ) investigated taking Turkish companies ‘ attack to corporate sustainability regarding, Their attitudes and attacks toward sustainability, Their chief patterns associating to environmental and societal sustainability, The grounds why companies adopted sustainability patterns, The grounds why companies have non adopted sustainability patterns and Which companies produce environmental, societal or sustainability studies. Nemli ‘s pre-research surveies showed that merely a few of these companies had formal sustainability schemes. Therefore an scrutiny of the sustainability patterns of these few companies would be more enlightening about sustainability in Turkey. The fact that there are so few companies prosecuting sustainability schemes in Turkey indicates that Turkish companies are at the beginning of sustainability execution in their concern. Nemli ‘s research was related to the fabrication companies and none of the examined companies was involved in the building sector. Harmonizing to Turkey ‘s National Report on Sustainable Development by Ministry of Environment ( 2002 ) and besides summarized in a survey made by Ozkan ( 2003 ) , most of the environmental statute law in Turkey has been affected during the past decennary. An overall appraisal of the Turkish environmental statute law indicates that during the past two old ages, the construct of sustainability was clearly included in the Torahs and ordinances put into consequence. The undermentioned ordinances are considered to be vitally of import, Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, Solid Waste Control Regulations, Hazardous Waste Control Regulations, Air Quality Control Regulations, Water Pollution Control Regulations, Waste Control Regulations, Hazardous Waste Control Regulations. Furthermore, the Ministry of Environment is taking farther legal steps to forestall and command environmental pollution. In this respect, the bing statute law is being reviewed as portion of the attempts to harmonise them with EU statute law. It is anticipated that this measure will lend well towards accomplishing the ends for sustainable development. Turkey had been prosecuting policies in the countries of energy efficiency and environmentally sound engineerings, every bit good as industrial pollution control.A To accomplish sustainable energy development and energy efficiency, the Government had been beef uping attempts to develop and utilize safe engineerings, advancing research and development for appropriate methodological analysiss, raising public consciousness of the issues, and measuring environmental impacts ( A °lkin ( 2006 ) ) .A Harmonizing to the National Report on Sustainable Development 2002, during the past few old ages at that place has been an addition in industrial preparation plans related to work safety, environmental direction systems, quality confidence, and in-service preparation. These plans have been initiated by the Union of Chambers of Commerce and Industry, stock exchanges, Small and Medium Industry Development Organization ( KOSGEB ) , the Quality Association ( KALDER ) , universities, and research establishments ( Ozkan, ( 2003 ) ) . Recycling of edifice stuffs is a really new construct in Turkey. It is merely after the lay waste toing temblor of 1999 in the Marmara part, that some attending has been paid to the huge sum of constructing dust accumulated from the collapsed and dismantled edifices. Waste recycling is recommended and encouraged by the Turkish Ministry of Environment ( Ozkan, ( 2003 ) ) . The Regulations for solid waste disposal go so far as to order that recycled stuffs should be preferred to new 1s. However, the waste referred to in the ordinances belongs to industrial procedures or boxing merely. Harmonizing to the National Report on Sustainability, â€Å" Waste direction is one of the major constituents of the execution of the sustainability rules. Industrial waste direction requires that wastes caused by industry, production and services be managed for the protection of environmental and human wellness by cut downing the loss of natural stuffs used in fabrication. Reducing the sum of waste at the beginning, waste recovery and recycling, every bit good as implementing appropriate waste disposal techniques are among the basic constituents of sustainable development. † ( Ministry of Environment, 2002 ) Harmonizing to Turkey ‘s National Report on Sustainable Development ( 2002 ) , the type of industrial waste in Turkey as a underdeveloped state, is non much different from the type of waste encountered in the developed states of the universe. In order to quantify the sum and composing of industrial waste and to look into the attendant environmental jobs caused Turkish Statistical Institute ( TUIK ) and assorted local authoritiess and industrial organisations ( Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Maritime Trade and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey, Chambers of Industry of Istanbul and Kocaeli ) have conducted independent surveies to develop industrial waste stock lists for the period of 1991-1995. Although the industrial waste stock lists of the fabrication sector for 1994-1997, prepared by the TUIK, did non cover the full state, it is the lone legitimate waste stock list informations bank that exists in Turkey. Besides the Industrial Waste Statistics of TUIK, the Ministry of Environment has besides concluded a elaborate industrial waste stock list undertaking in 2002, which encompasses the Marmara, the Mediterranean, and the Western Anatolia Regions ( Ozkan, 2003 ) . Waste generated by the building industry has non been accounted for in the statistics for industrial or family wastes. Since information for waste produced or disposed by the building industry has non been collected by any of these bureaus, the impact of waste from building industries is besides non known. Esin and Cosgun ( 2007 ) argue that retrieving of building waste is non yet prevailing in Turkey. The primary environmental concern should be the prevention/reduction of the coevals of building waste. Sing the sum of waste generated, Turkey declared in the 9th Five Year Development Plan that the primary mark for commanding solid waste is the decrease of the sum of waste generated ( State Planning Organization ( SPO ) , ( 2006 ) ) . One of the basic rules of the said Development Plan is â€Å" Natural resources, cultural assets and the environment will be protected sing the hereafter coevalss, every bit good † . The study furthermore underscores the Turkish State ‘s decision and will sing the sustainability in resource use in following diction: â€Å" Rapid population growing and industrialisation continue to be of import factors endangering sustainable usage of natural resources. The uncertainnesss about the responsibility and authorization distribution among establishments, for the sustainable usage of natural resources while protecting the environment without adversely impacting the production procedure, could non be adequately eliminated ( Item 159, p.38 ) † and â€Å" More efficient production and less waste will be achieved by increasing the effectivity in natural stuff usage with the execution of environment friendly techniques in industry ( Item 463, p.87 ) † . 6. Discussion Turkey has a strong building sector which can easy be considered as a regional leader in quality building and building stuffs. From the literature study it is evident that Turkey ‘s building industry ‘s sustainability place is non to the full structured yet. A few writers indicate that Turkish companies are at the beginning of implementing policies for sustainability. A study done by Turk ( 2009 ) studies that out 68 companies which are members of TCA surveyed had revealed that merely 28 of them had ISO-14001 enfranchisement. The prevailing governmental sustainability papers in Turkey is dated to 2002. Sustainability is a path that all building industries must travel through. This necessitates the industry to alter their concern scheme and organisational constructions and civilizations. This is a long-run and uninterrupted procedure that needs alteration and version of the sustainability attack to make competitory advantage over other challengers in the industry. Global challenges associated with sustainable development are multifaceted, affecting economic, societal, and environmental concerns. These challenges have deductions for virtually every facet of a building house ‘s scheme and concern theoretical account. Most directors frame sustainable development non as a multidimensional chance, but instead as a unidimensional job, affecting ordinances, added cost, and liability. The jobs of stuff ingestion, waste, and pollution associated with industrialisation nowadays an chance for houses to lower cost through the development of accomplishments and capablenesss in pollution bar and eco-efficiency. Investings made to protect the environment or as portion of societal duty were seen as investings that increase the overall costs and diminish fiscal return. Clean engineerings are normally more efficient therefore cut downing emanations and increasing productiveness. Reducing natural stuff usage and increasing recycling and recovery can cut down production costs. There are chances for cost nest eggs that may non go evident even though the benefits accrue straight to the company, until the company is motivated either by ordinance or concerns to better sustainability public presentation to analyze ways of turn toing these jobs and to put in the necessary research ( Nemli, ( 2009 ) ) . The companies ‘ committedness to corporate societal duty and overall repute may be an of import motivation factor for its current and prospective employees. There is besides an insurance value associated with repute. In the event of a job, a company with a good repute can bring on more supportive responses from stakeholders. Output extends beyond organisational boundaries to include the full merchandise life cycle-from natural stuff entree, through production procedures, to merchandise usage and disposal of spent merchandises. Output therefore involves incorporating the desire of the stakeholder into concern procedures through extended interaction with external parties such as providers, clients, regulators, communities, non-governmental organisations, and the media. As such, it offers a manner to both lower environmental impacts across the value concatenation and enhance legitimacy and repute by affecting stakeholders in the behavior of ongoing operations. ( Hart et Al ( 2003 ) ) . The industry and the disposal have to develop a macro policy which will incorporate societal, economical and environmental policies needed to accomplish a sustainable development of the Turkish building industry as a whole. A holistic sustainability policy covering the full building bunch does non be in Turkey yet. The industry needs to make a political organizational organic structure which is compatible with the demands of sustainable development and which is compatible with similar organisations across the universe. For case, The UK Government ‘s scheme for more sustainable building ( DETR, 2000 ) suggests cardinal factors for action by the building industry by widening the basic subjects. These include design for minimal waste ; thin building ; minimise energy in building and usage ; make non foul ; preserve and enhance biodiversity ; conserve H2O resources ; respect people and local environment ; and put marks, proctor and study, in order to benchmark public presentation ( Raynsford ( 2000 ) , Langston & A ; Ding ( 2001 ) , Miyatake ( 1996 ) ) . These could every bit use to Turkey. Advanced experiments from good illustrations in other states can be adapted to the constitutions of the Turkish building sustainable development attempt. The sector requires more funding to build sustainable undertakings due to the current higher monetary value of stuffs, substructure costs and the land-use ratio. It is expected, nevertheless, that the high cost of sustainable building will worsen in line with a rise in the figure of such undertakings. Many clients and end-users are going witting of the sensitive state of affairs of the environment, and are demoing an increasing penchant for buying sustainable terminal merchandises. For illustration, sustainable lodging reduces operational costs and H2O use, and offers improved security. Meanwhile, lodging investors, though willing to establish nature-sensitive undertakings, are hesitating about the hereafter of the sustainable lodging sector given the high costs associated with it. Sustainable development is one of the most outstanding issues which are emphasized in the Turkey. National Environment Strategy and Action Plan prepared in order to accommodate to the societal and economic state of affairss in Turkey. In the Turkish National Report ( 2002 ) , it is emphasized that in order to sum up the current state of affairs, it has benefited from the Environment subdivision of the 9th Five Year Development Plan ( 2007-2013 ) increased sensitiveness to the demand for a clean environment. Although the environment is a moderately of import issue in Turkey, it has some advantages and disadvantages in respects to environment and sustainable development. The advantages are as stated by TUBITAK ( 2003 ) , Our natural resources ‘ non being wholly polluted, The increasing consciousness of the environment particularly among the immature population, The adequateness of scientific and proficient human resources who can work in this field make it favoured in respects of accomplishing sustainable development. The disadvantages of Turkey in this field are, In malice of non being wholly polluted, their is go oning pollution of natural resources, Making usage of natural resources related to an investing for environmental betterment without taking attention of the set purposes, Not maintaining a record of information and informations consistently related to environment, Data which are recorded holding no criterion in footings of informations aggregation, confirmation, rating and transforming into information. In relation to development programs and sustainable development in Turkish metropoliss, Ercoskun ( 2005 ) argues that the current development programs of metropoliss do non see urban individuality and ecological values and the regional programs do non see infinites between edifices, clime, illuming, way, air circulation, natural energy, etc. , ensuing the Turkish metropoliss to be unsustainable. Furthermore, she states that planning is one of the chief tools in Turkish sustainable development and concluding that the Turkish planning system ( Development Plans, Laws and Applications ) has to be challenged from the sustainability point of position. Supplying sustainable development is non merely limited to direction of natural resources, providing equipment or commanding them. Persons should carry through their responsibilities as responsible citizens in order to accomplish sustainable development with respects of environmental protection. Therefore, it is imperative that persons be taught the topic of sustainable development get downing in primary school, every bit good as doing them cognizant of the environment.

Review + Critical Thinking Questions Essay

Explain the different forms of child abuse Include Shaken Baby Syndrome in your response. There are 4 different types of child abuse Physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. Physical abuse is just that, they (the parents) cause bodily harm to the child whether its through slapping, kicking or punching. The most infamous form of child physical abuse is SBS (Shaken Baby syndrome) thats when a parent or adult shakes a baby out of frustration. This causes severe problems with the child and at least 1/3 of SBS population are subjected to death because of it. Emotional abuse is when the parent or guardian makes a child feel worthless through negative words and lack of empathy. Sexual abuse varies it can be both physical and verbal. Talking about anything sexual to a child is sexual abuse also, showing pornography or any private part of yourself is considered sexual abuse. Lastly, neglect is downright ignorance of a childs needs. Whether it be lack of clothing, lack of fo od, or even lack of education. Example, a parent not enrolling their child into school is a form of neglect. What types of physical care must a parent provide an infant child Infants are virtually powerless in anything they do. Physical things parents must do is bathe them, feed them, and change their diapers. What are some strategies for helping a child cope with stress Some strategies of helping children deal with stress are communicating with the child about whats bothering them, which opens up a connection that will help them during their adolescent years. Figuring out ways to help solve their problems helps them cope with their stress. Also, having a home free of hostility and anger promotes less stress to the child. Critical Thinking Questions What is the difference between a protective environment and a nurturing environment The difference between a protective environment and a nurturing environment is that a protective environment ensures that a child is protected from abuse and neglect, whilst, a nurturing environment includes both physical safety and emotional safety. Parents who have nurturing environments tend to their childrens emotional needs. The child feels safe by the parent and feels like its alright to explore as long as they have their parent. How do childrens needs cha nge as they grow through development stages from infancy to teen years How do special needs children differ As children get older, they become less dependent on their parents. They are able to wash themselves, feed themselves and clothe themselves. By the time they reach teen years  they only need their parents financially and for emotional support. However, children with special needs vary. Parents are subjected to more stress while raising a special needs child, and that may affect the development of the child. List and explain factors a parent can control that lead to a nurturing environment. Include characteristics of nurturing parents. Factors Parents Can Control for a nurturing environment The child is safe physically No one to abuse them or neglect them. Be attentive of the childs need Pay attention and watch for any signs of unhappiness Build a connection with your child Spend quality time with your family, a child should feel safe around family members. List and explain factors that lead to poor relationships and that increase the risk of child abuse. Things that lead to poor relationships with children are marital problems, substance abuse, HIV, and Latchkey Children. Marital problems within the house hold that turn into arguments is one of the quickest ways to make a child feel abandoned. And usually, with household issues it effects the childs social life. Substance abuse can eat up the families income and wont have anything left for a childs basic needs. Also, if a woman is pregnant while abusing substances it can cause severe problems for the child when it is born. HIV can be passed down from the parents and this incurable disease can also take in all of the families income, treating it. Finally, latchkey children, the children who are left alone a lot, have higher anxiety levels and fear for bad things to happen. This eventually leads to poor relationships with both peers and parents. Why is it critical for a parent to be involved in their childrens education It is critical for parents to be involved in their childrens education, because education doesnt start when you enroll them in school, but rather, when they are a few months old. They begin to see and recognize things. They observe their surroundings and pay close attention to the people that care for them. They learn through observation until theyre ready to vocalize what they want. Also, when children get older, placing the child in an extracurricular activity also helps their education advance by learning how to work together in a group.

Free Essays on Ovids Amores

Ovid’s Amores The main concept that surrounds Classical Greek literature is the fact that Eros, or love, is the enemy against all reason. In his collection of poems, Publius Ovidius Naso verifies and elaborates on this idea of irrationality. Through these poems, Ovid illustrated the power of Eros that can inevitably destroy not only a man’s reasoning, but also his dignity and his soul as well. Ovid’s concept of infidelity between lovers is key to the design of these poems. The narrator in this anthology is furiously bombarded with emotions of jealousy, both internally and externally, as a result of this infidelity. There are three main stages of jealousy to which the narrator experiences: possessiveness over a lover; being accused of infidelity, making him the victim of jealousy; and experiencing agonizing pain or sorrow as a result of unfaithfulness. In the second poem of this collection, the narrator is extremely jealous and possessive over his lover. His jealousy is obvious right in the first line of the poem when he boldly states, â€Å"Your husband? Going to the same dinner as us? / I hope it chokes him† (2.1-2). This jealous characteristic simply makes the narrator writhe over the fact that he has to sit and watch while his lover’s husband touches her breasts (2.38) and puts his arms around her neck as he pleases (2.5-6). He losses all reason and begins to create situations in his mind; situations in which he stakes his claim over what he believes is rightfully his and causes a public scandal (2.39-40). It is here when the notion of Eros begins to set into place and the narrator drowns in his own madness. Naturally, as these poems so boldly indicate, all humans are fickle. Turning the tables, the sixth poem shies away from the jealousy the narrator feels personally and demonstrates his role as the person causing envy. His lover is jealous of him and believes that he is being unfaithful to her. Looking at all of thes... Free Essays on Ovid's Amores Free Essays on Ovid's Amores Ovid’s Amores The main concept that surrounds Classical Greek literature is the fact that Eros, or love, is the enemy against all reason. In his collection of poems, Publius Ovidius Naso verifies and elaborates on this idea of irrationality. Through these poems, Ovid illustrated the power of Eros that can inevitably destroy not only a man’s reasoning, but also his dignity and his soul as well. Ovid’s concept of infidelity between lovers is key to the design of these poems. The narrator in this anthology is furiously bombarded with emotions of jealousy, both internally and externally, as a result of this infidelity. There are three main stages of jealousy to which the narrator experiences: possessiveness over a lover; being accused of infidelity, making him the victim of jealousy; and experiencing agonizing pain or sorrow as a result of unfaithfulness. In the second poem of this collection, the narrator is extremely jealous and possessive over his lover. His jealousy is obvious right in the first line of the poem when he boldly states, â€Å"Your husband? Going to the same dinner as us? / I hope it chokes him† (2.1-2). This jealous characteristic simply makes the narrator writhe over the fact that he has to sit and watch while his lover’s husband touches her breasts (2.38) and puts his arms around her neck as he pleases (2.5-6). He losses all reason and begins to create situations in his mind; situations in which he stakes his claim over what he believes is rightfully his and causes a public scandal (2.39-40). It is here when the notion of Eros begins to set into place and the narrator drowns in his own madness. Naturally, as these poems so boldly indicate, all humans are fickle. Turning the tables, the sixth poem shies away from the jealousy the narrator feels personally and demonstrates his role as the person causing envy. His lover is jealous of him and believes that he is being unfaithful to her. Looking at all of thes...

Discuss how the passage of time is presented in the first chapters of The Mayor of Casterbridge. What effect does it have on the characters Essays

Discuss how the passage of time is presented in the first chapters of The Mayor of Casterbridge. What effect does it have on the characters Essays Discuss how the passage of time is presented in the first chapters of The Mayor of Casterbridge. What effect does it have on the characters Essay Discuss how the passage of time is presented in the first chapters of The Mayor of Casterbridge. What effect does it have on the characters Essay This essay will answer the preceding question by discussing how the key characters and places develop and are affected by the passage of time in the first few chapters of the book. The author of the book is Thomas Hardy, a very descriptive writer, although this is one of his faster paced books. It was written in the 1880s and is set in the 1830s.The book begins with Michael Henchard walking along a dusty road with his wife Susan. She is carrying a baby called Elizabeth -Jane. After getting to the fair taking place in the village Henchard becomes drunk and sells his wife. The next day he regrets what he has done and consequently swears an oath that he will not touch a drop of liquor for 21 years. At this point in the book (chapters 2-3) there is an 18 year gap in the book.The book is set in the summer of around 1830 we know this because before the 19th century had reached one-third of its span. As it was set in the 1830s the landscape would have been very diffe rent from today. This is demonstrated from the start of the book.Michael and Susan Henchard are plainly but not ill clad This tells us that they are not badly off. On the other hand they are covered in a thick hoar of dust telling us that the roads are unpaved. This also implies that although the Henchards are not badly off they cannot afford transport indicating that it is still expensive at this time. Henchard is described as of fine figure, swarthy, and stern in aspect. His clothing is old fashioned short jacket of brown corduroy and a waistcoat with white horn buttons. He is described as a skilled countryman and a general labourer. He seems an old fashioned man who does not welcome change. The couple do not communicate and the book comments on the perfect silence they preserved. They do not seem to have a good relationship but seemed to have no idea of taking his arm, nor he of offering it. This is portrayed as a normal state as she appeared to receive it as a natural thing. Sus an Henchard is carrying a baby called Elizabeth-Jane.As the Henchards continue they come across a Turnip-Hoer implying that the residents still live off the land a rural village. The hoer is very pecimistic about the state of the village Weydon-Priors there were four houses cleared away last year and three this. This pecimism that trade in the village is dwindling due to the continuingly growing amount of trade going to the bigger towns. There are further signs of decline at the village fair Which showed standing-places and pens where many hundreds of horses and sheep had been exhibited and sold in the forenoon, but were now in a great part taken away.They enter a furmity tent. Henchard has his furmity laced, becomes drunk and begins to talk about selling is wife. We can tell his wife is used to this kind of thing because she seems accustomed to these remarks. She does not argue with him about these harsh words demonstrating what a quiet person she is. The furmity lady is described as a haggish witch whose pot stood on three legs as she stirred with a large spoon. She might have been in control of the situation as Henchard went on to sell his wife.The following morning Henchard wakes up and finds his wifes ring on the floor confirming his suspicion that the happenings of last night were not merely a bad dream. He had sold his wife to a sailor called Newson who represented the modern world. Hardy emphasises this by choosing a name that can be broken down into New son. This is ironic as Henchard is anti change and the new world.As Henchard emerges from the tent and looks around him he starts to notice things that two tired walkers may not have done. On one side there was an open down plantation. On the other, upland stretching away down into valleys dotted with burrows and trenched with the remains of a pre-historic fort showing us that there has been people living here for thousands of years and how time has turned the forts into ruins. This all gives it a sens e of history, time passing and its effects. Henchard left the village and came to a small chapel where he swore an oath that he would not touch a drop of liquor for 21 years. He left and there is an 18-year gap in the Book.Now two people both adults walked along the little road leading to Weydon Priors. The first was Susan who had aged significantly and now was an old women of about 40 whose skin had undergone textural change demonstrating the number of years that had passed. The other was Elizabeth-Jane who was now of a similar age to Susan when shed last walked along the road. These two demonstrated the passage of time perfectly. Both are wearing black and we discover the reason for this as we get to the fair. Mr Newson was lost at sea and presumed dead, so Susan has decided to look for Henchard. As the book approaches the fair we learn that its trade has continued to dwindle and this is demonstrated by the once successful furmity lady.There is no tent and now she sat on the floor with only her pot for company grovelling for every halfpenny. This shows that despite the locals attempts keep things the way they were the real trade is no in the cities demonstrating the unstoppable power of time and progress. The furmity lady does not remember such an insignificant thing as the sale of a wife saying if it had of been a big thing showing the attitude towards such things at the time. She did however remember Henchard returning and saying that if a women ever asked he was in Casterbridge.On arrival at Casterbridge they were met by a great wall of trees a dense stockdale of limes and chestnuts which represented a wall between present and past. They walked on for a bit and soon found themselves in one of the main shopping streets and noticed that the shops were largely agricultural horse-embrocations at the chemists; at the glovers and the leather-cutters, hedging-gloves, thatchers kneecaps ploughmens leggings, villagers pattens and clogs. It was almost as if Casterb ridge had stood still unaffected by the passage of time.As the story develops we find that Henchard is now the Mayor of Casterbridge. We also see that Henchard has kept his vow and his liquor glasses are not filled. Despite being Mayor Henchard has lost none of his love of tradition. He still does everything the old fashioned way from the clothes that he wore to the way that he runs the town. At this point in the story the other main character Donald Farfrae a Scot is introduced. Farfrae is the very opposite of Henchard. He is a traveller in search of wealth and possesses the intelligence that Henchard is missing In my business tis true that strength and and bustle build up a firm. But judgement and knowledge are what keeps it established. Unluckily, I am bad at Science, Farfrae; bad at figures a rule of thumb sort of man. You are just the reverse. Elizabeth-Jane goes on to marry Farfrae but faults of Character and his guilty past aswell as change in commerce eventually drag him do wn.In conclusion, although people tried to keep things as they always had been the passage of time is unstoppable and the victims of it are the people. Weydon Priors resources had gradually gone to the towns and cities and it had continued to decline. Hardys view was that time had been unkind to Susan who had a troublesome and disturbing life. The most successful person at stopping the progress of time was Henchard who managed to keep himself and the town of Casterbridge the same for 20 years. Time however eventually dragged him down too as he was unable to adapt to changes in rural commerce. For the most part time is portrayed as an unstoppable force that preys on the people around it.

Chaos Theory Studying and Developments

Chaos Theory Studying and Developments Introduction Chaos theory is a mathematical domain, with applications in various areas of study including economics, biology, philosophy, engineering and physics (Krist 12).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Chaos Theory Studying and Developments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chaos theory determines inherent behaviour and characteristics of dynamical entities that are predominantly sensitive to initial conditions, an occurrence known as the butterfly effect. Any slight change in initial conditions such as errors in mathematical computation produces divergent results for such dynamical systems (Krist 14). Such a scenario makes it difficult to generate long-term predictions in general. The future of dynamical systems largely depends on initial conditions without involvement of random factors or elements (Krist 17). This makes the systems unpredictable. Such scenarios qualify as deterministic chaos. Chaotic te ndencies manifest in several natural systems. For instance, weather patterns are usually chaotic and unpredictable. For instance, mathematical model and Poincare maps help to achieve such results (Krist 23). A chaotic dynamical system must possess several characteristics. The system must conform to the reality surrounding the immediate conditions. It must integrate all topological factors and circumstances. The system must have dense periodic orbits. There must be conditions that act contrary to established original conditions. Chaos theory explains the rationale of chaotic events in the world. This theory explains why certain things happen the way they do. Discussion Henri Poincare initially proposed chaos theory in 1880s. He discovered that there were orbits that did not show consistency in their characteristic behaviour. Mathematicians formulated a large portion of this theory (Krist 27). Early theorists called it ergodic theory. Later studies centred on basic principles of physi cs. They majored on turbulence, astronomy, engineering, and tri-body problem. During early days of these studies, there was no clear understanding on the topic of inconsistent planetary movement. However, there was slight knowledge on the issue relating to turbulence in the movement of liquids (Skiadas 35). Researchers had knowledge on alternate movements in radio circuits. However, they did not have any theory to explain these occurrences. The subsequent developments presented an opportunity for them to expound on their earlier studies (Skiadas 41).Advertising Looking for research paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The studies gained acceptance after scholars realized that linear theory could not account trends observed in various experiments (Skiadas 44). The area of study encompassed minor incidents that proved irrelevant in earlier theories. The studies accelerated with the advent of the electro nic computer. The mathematical inferences in the theory were difficult to solve using manual procedures. Therefore, computers simplified the work involved in solving such procedures (Skiadas 44). Edward Lorenz contributed in the development of knowledge through extensive research on climatic trends and manifestations. Edward used a digital computer to simulate data. He achieved this by adding cumulative data to produce successive results (Skiadas 45). He realized that the digital computer produced varying results. He rightly attributed these results to the accuracy of the computer. However, critics argued that these inferences were minute and inconsequential. Lorenz had established relationship between minute changes and eventual outcomes. This discovery proved that atmospheric experiments lacked the capacity to generate accurate climatic predictions (Skiadas 47). Chaos theory provided a clear roadmap for understanding and determining weather patterns over certain duration. It prese nted possibilities for various forms of research and understanding on natural chaotic situations. Through it, complex situations acquired meaning and sense (Williams 63). Scientists use it to investigate natural occurrences with a view to gather inferential data that helps to derive accurate deductions. Chaos theory is useful in understanding chaotic situations that influence the quality of human existence (Williams 65). However, the initial theory could not offer conclusive solutions to natural chaotic events. It had several loopholes that increased its vulnerability to inaccuracy. It affected the quality of life and changed people’s perception on things that occurred around them (Williams 71). Chaotic tendencies manifest in various occurrences such as electric circuits, laser equipments, and fluid reactions. Natural manifestations of chaotic behaviour include weather patterns, trends in the solar system, ecological changes, and molecular activity (Williams 75). Chaos theory influences various areas of modern existence. For instance, it is instrumental in the ongoing research related to epilepsy. Chaos theory continues to influence various aspects in contemporary life situations. For instance, movies and literature show the influence of this development on modern life. The study of chaos theory has affected various aspects of social life. The theory has intensified the development of modern technologies that are necessary for improved and better living. Therefore, people understand various aspects that define modern living (Williams 77).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Chaos Theory Studying and Developments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The theory shaped lives of people during the period it conceptualized. People understood the various natural occurrences and their effects on human existence. Through this development, people directed more attention to things that seemed irr elevant. For instance, people took keen interest on minor climatic changes that manifested in daily life. Such understanding was critical for enhancing constructive discourse on matters that related to human existence (Williams 78). The theory catapulted scientific discourse to new heights. Its formulation contributed to the business success. Many business enthusiasts capitalized on its development to initiate innovative business ventures that experienced monumental and unprecedented success (Vierling 21). The contributions occasioned by the development of this theory were instrumental in determining the course of history. Subsequent scholars formulated advanced theories based on the initial principles and rationale of this theory. Various fields of study continue to draw inspiration from the basic principles of this theory. With the advent of advanced technology, society has benefited from this development. Technology enables the advanced exploitation of basic theoretical principle s embodied in the theory (Vierling 24). Modern life would be different without chaos theory. It would be difficult for people to understand the events that manifest in daily life situations. Absence of this theory would affect people’s perception of natural occurrences that define daily lives in modern world (Vierling 26). For instance, it would be difficult for people to make sense of events that are beyond human understanding. Such events influence the way people conduct themselves in reaction to natural occurrences. The contributions of this area of knowledge are numerous and immeasurable (Vierling 27). Without this knowledge, the world would rank lower in areas of social and technological advancements. Conclusion It is very important that we study this theoretical discourse. By understanding it, we acquire knowledge on how minute events influence bigger events that shape modern living. By studying this theory, we fathom the various developmental stages that have shaped an d determined modern technological advancements. Therefore, it consolidates various efforts that resulted into deeper understanding of natural occurrences (Vierling 34). By studying this theory, we appreciate the role of science in enhancing development and advancing favourable innovations. Chaos theory explains the rationale of chaotic events in the world. This explains why certain things happen the way they do. Developments around this area continue to influence modern trends in science and technology. The advancements of chaos theory remain a critical influence on contemporary life.Advertising Looking for research paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Krist, Gary. Chaos Theory. London: Jove Books, 2001. Print. Skiadas, Christos. Chaos Theory: Modelling, Simulation and Applications. London: World Scientific, 2011. Print. Vierling, Matthew. Chaos Theory: A Novel of Psychological Suspense. New York: Universal Press, 2003. Print. Williams, Garnett. Chaos Theory Tamed. London: Joseph Henry Press, 1997. Print.

Gays in the miitary essays

Gays in the miitary essays The subject of Gays in the military has been debated over many times by many people. When dealing with whether or not gays should be allowed in the military the simple question of, Do they want to be in the military?, must be answered. After this question is answered you The answer to the question, Do gays want to be in the military?, is an unquestioned yes. Gays would be proud and determined to protect this beautiful country in which we live. I personally am confused as to why there is even a question of whether or not gays should be allowed to protect and die for a country they love. I do understand however the question of where should they live, both in the field and at their home base. It is hard for a man or women to get undressed in front of someone of the same sex, that may be looking at them with different eyes. When I say different eyes I mean a man looking at a man and thinking wow hes cute, or a women looking at a women and thinking the same thing. It would be very awkward for non-gay soldiers to deal with this problem. Any political issue deals with people, and the gays in the military controversy is no different. Joe Steffan was kicked out of Annapolis one week before graduation after revealing he was gay. Alan Schindler was a gay man in the Navy. He was brutally murdered when some of his shipmates found out he was gay. Events like these can only be avoided by education and communication of what homosexuality is and how to deal with people who are homosexual. The segregation of gays and lesbians in the military should be limited to living quarters and that should be the extent of it. The following is the 1993 National Board Policy on lesbians and gays in the military; WHEREAS, President Clinton has taken the first steps toward ending discrimination against lesbians and gay men in the military; and WHEREAS, the response to this modest initiative has inclu...

4 Major League Baseball Tips for Hiring Managers

4 Major League Baseball Tips for Hiring Managers As a rabid Mets fan, the only advice I really want to give hiring managers is to  suspend the guy who slide-tackles your favorite second baseman (I have some other choice word for base umpires). Fortunately, over at ERE Media, Herb Greenberg has some more level-headed advice for hiring managers. Now that the playoffs are officially in progress, we can look back at the decisions made by managers of  the most successful teams and see what tactics can translate to less-stadium-based workplaces.  Conventional wisdom in baseball is to look for strength, agility, batting average, etc- and in the workplace, we tend to prioritize advanced degrees and certifications, an impressive track record at big name companies, technical knowledge, and professional networks in place to embellish our business. But what if you looked for qualities instead of quantities?1. Mental ToughnessLook for resilience, level-headedness, and a tolerance for stress. An interview question that tends to highlight t his strength is the classic, â€Å"Tell me about a time you struggled at work† or, â€Å"Tell me about a problematic work experience you found difficult to handle.† Listen for signs of self-awareness, persistence, and collaborative conflict resolution.2. Assertive and Positively AggressiveLook for candidates who are comfortable taking ownership over their projects and are willing to compete, either with rival companies or in pursuit of excellence during group problem solving. This is something a candidate themselves might tell you about frankly- but it’s also something to delicately broach with their previous supervisor.There’s a not-all-that-thick line between assertive and bullying. One you want on your team, the other just got suspended for the final two games of the Mets-Dodgers series.3. Disciplined and Detail-OrientedEmployees- and ballplayers- who show up early, stay for the whole practice, and focus on achieving their goals and correcting their fl aws are the ones you want to work with. When you ask them to tell you about a project they were excited to work on in their last job, these are the candidates who  will be able to explicitly describe their work for you and the ones that past colleagues wish they still had on their team.4. Strong Problem Solvers and Decision-MakersThe employees you want working with you are able to recognize patterns, learn on the job, acquire new skills, and balance their ambition with caution to achieve innovation and a high level of quality in their work. You want the people their colleagues describe as decisive, thorough, and capable of wrapping their minds around even the thorniest of problems.As we turn our eyes back to the playoffs, we’ll have a chance to see how the unconventional wisdom of Mets manager Terry Collins and his staff has paid off- a combo of younger guys and older guys, recovering from injuries and champing at the pennant race bit for the first time.During your next hir ing process, remember what magic can happen when you take a chance on a diamond in the rough like Bartolo Colon or a Wilmer Flores. They may surprise you with their talent, grit, and heart.  Here’s What Your Hiring Managers Can Learn from the Major League Baseball PlayoffsRead More at www.eremedia.com

The Top 10 Jobs To Have Today

The Top 10 Jobs To Have Today Rachel Gillett over at Business Insider has rounded up the 25 best jobs to have now. Topping the list? Physician’s Assistant, so congrats to my cousin Alex, who apparently has it made in the shade. We’re rounding up just the top 10. 1. Physicians Assistant:There’s a high demand for this well-paying entry-level job in the medical field; average salary is $111,376, and there are 45,484 current job openings.2. Software Engineer:Yes, we should all have learned coding instead of taking those semesters of Italian in college. Engineers design and develop the systems that run on computers, and are paid on average $98,074 for it. There are more than 104,000 available openings in this field!3. Business Development Manager:This position is responsible for helping companies grow by identifying potential partnerships and prospects, then cultivating those relationships to everyone’s benefit. Average salary is $84,907, and there are currently 11,616 job openings.4. Human Resources Manager:This has sort of a who-watches-the-watchmen feeling about it, because who hires the human resources manager? But if you like managing staff activities and coordinating new hires, check out one of the 8,073 job openings available for this job, which earns on average $96,443.5. Finance Manager:In this job, you’d help companies manage their money and attend to their business needs; average salary is $122,865, and there are 9,728 job openings. If you like numbers and rock at organizing spreadsheets, this might be the gig for you.6. Marketing Manager:Are you noticing a trend? Management should be your end goal in a lot of these industries. A marketing manager coordinates- surprise!- the marketing of an organization’s products and services. There are 14,647 job openings in this field, with an average salary of $100,130.7. Database Administrator:Enjoy staying on top of inventories and customer transaction records? Consider this position, where you might ear n on average $97,835 and have 9,790 chances to find the right place to work.8. Product Manager:Are you the consummate team player? Project managers supervise design and production teams to produce and market products. There are 10,294 job openings, with an average salary of $113,363.9. Data Scientist:One of the downsides of all the data mining we do these days  is that it’s all just a pile of numbers without someone to interpret the findings and identify trends. There are 3,449 job openings with an average salary of $104,476.10. Sales Manager:Last on our round up for today (and sorry, for this introvert, kind of least) is the sales manager oeuvre- there’s an average salary of $121,657 and are 3,982 openings to choose from. So if you can find a place with a company you like and don’t mind cold-calling on the regular, this could be a great field to pursue.

Maternal & infant health (for Australia's Indigenous Peoples) Essay

Maternal & infant health (for Australia's Indigenous Peoples) - Essay Example The richness and the complexity of the original culture of these people was poorly understood by the colonisers and their current descendants, leading to legislations and polices that worked against them. Thus, the indigenous Australians suffered from social exclusion, colonisation and economic marginalisation (Thackrah and Scott, 2007). As a consequence, the Indigenous people not only lost their spiritual well being, they also suffered from other aspects like racism, poverty, poor economy and poor health. One of the significant consequences and current day problem is poor health (Thackrah and Scott, 2007). Poor health has affected all age groups and both sexes among the Indigenous community (Thackrah and Scott, 2007). Of significant interest is poor maternal health. In this essay, the influence of various government policies and legislation on maternal health of Indigenous Australian population will be discussed. The original inhabitants of the continent of Australia and the nearby islands are known as the Indigenous Australians. They are either Torres Strait Islanders or Aboriginal Islanders and they make up more than 2.5 percent of the population of Australia. While the former are indigenous to the Islands of Torres Strait located in the Northern part of Queensland near Papua New Guinea, the latter are indigenous to the mainland Australia, Tasmania and some adjacent islands. The Indigenous communities are diverse and are a mixture of various customers, cultures and languages (Thackrah and Scott, 2007). Prior to colonisation, Indigenous people were active and hunter gatherers. They ate food that was low in fat, sugar, salt and high in fibre. They expended energy to obtain food and water. Thus they maintained good health. However, following colonisation, the change in dietary and lifestyle habits led to development of chronic degenerative diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. They subsequently became exposed to various commu nicable diseases that rapidly spread among their communities (Anderson and Grossman, 2003). They were forced to be influenced by the Western ideas of health and wellness which basically were different in the Indigenous communities. For example, while according to the WHO (1946) "health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity", according to the Aboriginal people, health is a multi-dimensional concept that embraces all aspects of living. According to the National Aboriginal and Island Health Organisation, "health is not just the physical well being of the individual but the social emotional and cultural well-being of the whole community. This is a whole-of-life view and it also includes the cyclical concept of life.† (Eckermann et al 1992). Thus, health of the Indigenous people declined because of not only physical contact with the European settlers, but also because of destruction of their culture and dev elopment of mental pain. Principals and beliefs about health were incompatible between the Western practitioners and Aboriginal people. For example, the Indigenous people are resistant to hospital attendance because they think that it is a place to die. They rely more on community